WONSAN

city, southeastern North Korea. Situated on the coast of the Sea of Japan (East Sea), about 80 miles (130 km) east of P'yongyang, it is protected by two promontories and 20 islands in the Yonghung Bay and has the best natural harbour along the east coast of Korea. During the Yi dynasty (13921910) it was a market, fishing, and warehousing centre under the name of Wonsanjin. It became a commercial port in 1880. Rail lines were constructed to the southwest to Seoul in 1914, to northeastern cities in 1928, and west to P'yongyang in 1941. After independence in 1945 the city's major economy shifted from trade to fishing and marine products. Its petroleum refineries and other facilities, damaged by bombing during the Korean War, have been rebuilt. Wonsan's industries include shipbuilding and railway, chemical, and textile manufacturing. Wonsan has also become a cultural, educational, and medical centre. The beaches of Songdowon, Myongsan, and Simp'o-ri, on the eastern coast of the city, are known for bathing and recreation. Pop. (1987 est.) 274,000.