WRIGHT, BENJAMIN

born Oct. 10, 1770, Wethersfield, Conn. died Aug. 24, 1842, New York, N.Y. American engineer who directed the construction of the Erie Canal. Because he trained so many engineers on that project, Wright has been called the father of American engineering. He was trained as a surveyor in his youth, and, after his family moved to the vicinity of Rome, N.Y., in 1789, Wright surveyed about 500,000 acres (200,000 hectares) for farmers in Oneida and Oswego counties. He was elected county judge in 1813 and to several terms in the state legislature. In 1811 Wright was hired by the New York State Canal Commission to determine a route between Rome (on the Mohawk River) and Waterford (on the Hudson River) for the Erie Canal. Construction began in 1817 and ended in 1825; as chief engineer, Wright himself directed work on the canal's middle division and on the especially difficult eastern division. Wright resigned from the Erie Canal project in 1827 and served as chief engineer of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal from 1828 to 1831 and of the St. Lawrence Canal in 1833. He also was consulting engineer to the Welland, Chesapeake and Delaware, Delaware and Hudson, and other canals, and he made land surveys for railroads in New York, Illinois, Virginia, and Cuba.