YOKOYAMA TAIKAN

born Nov. 2, 1868, Mito, Japan died Feb. 26, 1958, Tokyo original name Sakai Hidemaro Japanese painter who, with his friend Hishida Shunso, contributed to the revitalization of traditional Japanese painting in the modern era. Yokoyama studied Japanese painting with Hashimoto Gaho at the Tokyo Art School and became a favourite of its principal, Okakura Kakuzo (Tenshin). Yokoyama started teaching design at the school in 1896 but left when the principal was ousted. When the latter started the Japan Fine Arts Academy with Hishida, Shimomura Kanzan, and others, Yokoyama also joined him, in 1898. He tried to reconsider the whole technique of traditional Japanese painting, which relied heavily on line drawing, and with Hishida developed a new style, eliminating lines and concentrating on colour combinations. This style was pejoratively nicknamed mrtai (moro means vague, or indistinct, but at that time had a stronger negative sense; moro shafu, for example, meant hooligan rickshaw man). Yokoyama became one of the examiners for the Fine Arts Exhibition sponsored by the Ministry of Education (founded in 1907; the exhibition was abbreviated as Bunten). Internal squabbling subsequently resulted in his being ousted from this post, and he concentrated on reviving the Japan Fine Arts Academy, which had closed down upon Okakura Kakuzo's death. The Academy was revived in 1914, and its annual exhibitions, which have the abbreviated name Inten, became an important, nongovernmental outlet for young talents. Among Yokoyama's works are Mountain Path, Vicissitudes, and Cherry Blossoms.