YOSHIKAWA EIJI

born Aug. 11, 1892, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan died Sept. 7, 1962, Tokyo pseudonym of Yoshikawa Hidetsugu Japanese novelist who achieved the first rank among 20th-century writers both for his popularized versions of classical Japanese literature and for his own original novels. Because of his father's failure in business, Yoshikawa received only a primary-school education, and his early years were difficult. In 1925 he published Kennan jonan (Troubles with Swords and Women), and his position as a writer was established with Naruto hicho (192627; A Secret Record of Naruto). Later, in the romantic tradition, he wrote some light novels, but gradually he turned to a more serious exploration of the human character; he achieved a kind of perfection with the historical novel Miyamoto Musashi (193539; Musashi), dealing with the life of a famous samurai. Later he tried to penetrate more deeply into the lives of Japanese historical figures in Shin Heike monogatari (195057; The Heike Story) and Shihon taihei-ki (195861; A Private Book of War History). Yoshikawa's exquisite style, his psychological insight, and his knowledge of history brought him a broad range of readers. In 1960 he became the first popular author to receive the Order of Cultural Merit.