YU CH'IEN

born 1398, Ch'ien-t'ang, Chekiang province, China died 1457, Peking Pinyin Yu Qian defense minister who saved China when the Cheng-t'ung emperor (142764) of the Ming dynasty was captured in 1449 while leading Chinese troops against the Mongol leader Esen. With the emperor held hostage and the Mongol armies only 50 miles (80 km) northwest of the capital of Peking, the government was in a state of panic. Y Ch'ien acted by placing the Cheng-t'ung emperor's brother, the Ching-t'ai emperor (142857), on the throne and preparing a cannon defense of the city. Soon after Esen attacked, he found his hostage valueless because a new emperor was on the throne, and he saw that the city was well-fortified. Hence, he abandoned the siege within days and retreated into Mongolia. Y Ch'ien made no efforts to ransom the abducted emperor, but Esen returned the captive in 1450. The Ching-t'ai emperor, however, continued to rule until he fell ill in 1457. The former captive took advantage of his brother's failing health and returned to the throne with the aid of a group of palace eunuchs. He later had Y Ch'ien executed as a traitor.