ZWINGLI, HULDRYCH

born Jan. 1, 1484, Wildhaus in the Toggenburg, Sankt Gallen, Switz. died Oct. 11, 1531, near Kappel Huldrych also spelled Ulrich the most important reformer in the Swiss Protestant Reformation and the only major reformer of the 16th century whose movement did not evolve into a church. Like Martin Luther, he accepted the supreme authority of the Scriptures, but he applied it more rigorously and comprehensively to all doctrines and practices. Additional reading Editions of Zwingli's works include the Opera, published at Zrich in four volumes (1545 et seq.); the Werke, edited M. Schuler and J. Schulthess, published at Zrich in eight volumes (182842); and the Huldreich Zwinglis smtliche Werke in the Corpus Reformatorum (Berlin, 1904 et seq.). English translations available include Selected Works of Huldreich Zwingli, edited and with notes by S.M. Jackson (1901); Latin Works and the Correspondence of Huldreich Zwingli, edited by Jackson and others and published in three volumes (191229); and Zwingli and Bullinger in the Library of Christian Classics (1953).The standard works (all entitled Huldreich Zwingli) are by J.M. Schuler (1818); R. Christoffel (1854; Eng. trans., Zwingli; or, The Rise of the Reformation in Switzerland, 1858); and R. Sthelin, 2 vol. (189597). Among the best modern biographies is that of O. Farner, 4 vol. (194360), who also wrote a briefer account in 1918 (Eng. trans., Zwingli the Reformer, 1952, reprinted 1968). Perhaps the most comprehensive biography in English is G.R. Potter, Zwingli (1976); another ambitious English version was written by S.M. Jackson, Huldreich Zwingli, the Reformer of German Switzerland (1901, reprinted 1969); a fourth interesting life is J.H. Rilliet, Zwingli, le troisime homme de la Rforme (1959; Zwingli, Third Man of the Reformation, 1964). For Zwingli's theology, see W. Khler, Zwingli und Luther (1924); and J.M. Usteri, Zwinglis Tauflehre (1882). A deeper appreciation of Zwingli the theologian rather than the humanist may be found especially in A. Rich, Die Anfnge der Theologie Huldrych Zwinglis (1949). For a brief but penetrating study of Zwingli's liturgical contribution, see F. Schmidt-Clausing, Zwinglis liturgische Formulare (1970). Among the various specialized studies of Zwingli, see especially C. Garside, Jr., Zwingli and the Arts (1966); R.C. Walton, Zwingli's Theocracy (1967); and F. Schmidt-Clausing, Zwinglis Humor (1968).