( William Edward Burghardt Du Bois 1868–1963)
a US writer who helped to establish the NAACP . His books include The Souls of Black Folk (1903), and he was the editor of the NAACP magazine Crisis (1910–34). He was the first African American to receive a PhD degree from Harvard University and taught economics and history at Atlanta University (1897–1910 and 1932–44). In 1961 Du Bois became a Communist and moved to Ghana, where he died.