1.
Geology is the study of the Earth’s structure, surface, and origins.
He was visiting professor of ~ at the University of Jordan.
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geologist (geologists)
Geologists have studied the way that heat flows from the earth.
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2.
The ~ of an area is the structure of its land, together with the types of rocks and minerals that exist within it.
...an expert on the ~ of southeast Asia.
N-UNCOUNT: usu with poss