[GIS] 1. Spatial dependence
2. Interdependence(correlation) of errors at different points in space;
3. Statistical correlation between spatial random variables of the same type, attribute, name, and so on, where the correlation depends on the distance and/or direction that separates the locations.
Compare to crosscorrelation .
Note: strong negative correlation will lead to large errors in distance; independence of errors leading to moderate errors in distance; strong positive correlation leading to no errors in distance.
eg: If an entire field is planted with a single crop, such as barley, then only one point needs to be observed to determine the crop of the entire field.