I. noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a cookery class/lesson
▪
I had basic cookery lessons at school.
add a touch of glamour/class (to sth)
▪
Champagne always adds a touch of glamour to the occasion.
an exercise class
▪
I usually go to my exercise class on Wednesdays.
antenatal classes
▪
Many young mothers do not attend antenatal classes .
business class
cabin class
class action
▪
class-action lawsuits
class background
▪
Class background is an important factor in the level of schooling achieved.
class clown (= someone in a school class who behaves in a funny or silly way )
class conscious (= concerned about what class of society people come from )
▪
In the past, people were much more class conscious.
class consciousness
class differences (= between different classes of society )
▪
People’s answers to the questions showed clear class differences.
class inequality (= inequality between social classes )
▪
Class inequality is firmly embedded in our society.
class prejudice
▪
Those old class prejudices haven’t gone away.
class structure (= the way society is organized according to people’s education, jobs, income etc )
▪
Britain had a very rigid class structure.
class struggle
class/team/work etc mate
▪
Dad’s office mates are throwing a party for him.
club class
cultural/racial/class barriers
▪
Sport is a sure way to break down racial barriers.
economy class syndrome
economy class
▪
We flew economy class.
evening class
first class
▪
We prefer to travel in first class.
first/second/third class honours degree
lower class
middle class
▪
This led to the creation of a new, affluent middle class.
night class
racial/class/gender etc division
▪
The old class divisions had begun to break down.
reception class
repeat a class/grade/year (= do the same class at school again the following year )
ruling class
▪
A ruling class clearly existed.
second class
skip school/class especially AmE
▪
He skipped chemistry class three times last month.
third class
▪
We travelled third-class.
tourist class
upper class
▪
upper-class families
working class
▪
Marx wrote about the political struggles of the working class.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
high
▪
Apogee have made an entry into the educational market with this first high class educational game.
▪
One day I changed from second class to high class.
▪
Eventually they were replaced, moved to higher classes , or learned Hausa.
▪
Ellsworth had graduated seventh in a high school class of 400.
▪
Are they both unskilled workers or is she in a higher class than her husband?
▪
In my high school class , only 4 of us survived.
▪
Food for higher classes is increasingly split between the two fractions of the dominant class.
▪
This is high class , incredible tasting stuff.
low
▪
By the end of the nineteenth century the lower middle classes were actually seen as the bulwark of respectability.
▪
In college he loved a young girl of a lower class and ruined her; she died a suicide.
▪
Black immigrants to Britain in the 1960s were in the lowest housing class .
▪
Ultimately, in an episode of the class war, a lower class succeeds in overthrowing the highest class.
▪
Cost per pupil may be low because class sizes are high.
▪
His wife died from being too lower class .
▪
No way was found to rally or organize the urban lower middle classes .
▪
Some historians now view it as an attempt by the state to exercise more effective though subtle control over the lower classes .
middle
▪
This is obviously not the case in Britain, where the ideology of the white middle classes dominates.
▪
The middle class had formed no independent standards of honor.
▪
The middle class found this hard to understand.
▪
And in this regard there is no doubt that the middle classes of the emerging world have an edge.
▪
First, it failed because it did not benefit the poor as much as it did the middle classes .
▪
They were better than middle class .
▪
The restitution was described by Klaus as accelerating the re-establishment of a property-owning entrepreneurial middle class .
▪
According to this conventional wisdom, the middle class and the poor think the rich should pay a heavy share.
professional
▪
Of graduates, more than 80% have ended up in the professional and managerial classes .
▪
Recruited from the artisan and professional classes , this group did not stay.
▪
Consistently, those elderly from the professional and managerial classes experience better health than their contemporaries from the manual occupation groups.
▪
His methods had an appeal among the wealthy, professional classes who made up the congregation.
▪
He was served by a professional class of Ottoman civil servants and soldiers.
▪
It also attracts many from the middle or professional classes who have a commitment to social and economic justice.
▪
The older and more substantial houses were occupied by the professional and commercial classes .
▪
Among women of the professional classes especially, individual men are still the focus of potent fantasies.
ruling
▪
Read the extract on p. 16 concerning the ruling class .
▪
He argues that capitalist societies remain polarized between two main classes: the ruling class and the working class.
▪
Marx maintained that in all class societies, the ruling class exploits and oppresses the subject class.
▪
However, Marx believed that ruling class ideology could only slow down the disintegration of the system.
▪
How the bureaucracy relates to the ruling class is more than a matter of origins.
▪
This cast of mind is easily recognizable as the outlook of the traditional ruling class .
▪
The subject class is made up of the majority of the population whereas the ruling or dominant class forms a minority.
▪
Some members of the ruling class have transferred property to relatives and friends to avoid death duties.
social
▪
There are no social class differences.
▪
People used to think that you could work only at those occupations your family or social class were supposed to do.
▪
The motive behind much late nineteenth-century visiting was to put the social classes back in touch with one another.
▪
There were no differences in the use of services by the social class of the older people.
▪
There are, however, no reliable statistics relating to social class and illness over the years.
▪
The passage which opens this chapter is an instance of a satirist attacking a higher social class .
▪
When the authors looked at the proportion of the community experiencing vulnerability factors, important social class differences emerged.
▪
Once thought of as a disorder of upper social classes , it now seems to be well represented across the socioeconomic spectrum.
top
▪
Being in the business the longest, we know the importance of providing a top class service.
▪
How can we attract players to the sport if a top class player is advocating potentially dangerous play?
▪
Stewart rates Gascoigne and Beardsley as the top class acts of the hundreds he appeared with at club level.
▪
I think that a horse has to be a minimum of 7/8 bred now to become a top class event horse.
▪
There's also a superb tennis centre where top class coaches can help you to club championship winning form.
▪
You are still top of the class , aren't you?
▪
Organised by the Eastern Sporting Sidecar Association, the first of 12 scheduled meetings this year has attracted a top class entry.
upper
▪
They could both accept that the upper class should be defined, first and foremost, by its possession of productive capital.
▪
But the magazine also reflected the snobberies and prejudices of the upper classes .
▪
Although development is taking place it is mainly benefitting the middle and upper class communities.
▪
He does not though, claim that the upper classes are all-powerful.
▪
Like Margarett, he was a child of the upper class who had declared himself an artist.
▪
In the upper classes women often remained unmarried because their families could not provide sufficient dowries.
working
▪
For Marx and Engels the working class had nothing to lose but their chains of false consciousness.
▪
The dominant class , the capitalists, own and control the means of production and thereby exploit the subordinate working class.
▪
Most central city schools serve primarily poor, working class and minority students.
▪
These later attenders tended to be women who were younger, single, working class .
▪
He posed the question: how do working class kids get working class jobs?
▪
Having established a good working relationship with classes the new teacher may well be able to adopt a freer design with confidence.
▪
The party leadership presumably wants working class unity in the North.
▪
Put it the other way round, what incentives have the police or the white working class got not to be racist?
■ NOUN
action
▪
The only ultimately effective way the worker can resist is through collective class action to overthrow the capitalist mode of production.
▪
The lawsuit later became a class action , representing about 1, 400 current and former black Texaco employees.
▪
Their long-term destiny lies in united working class action and the rejection of other forms of understanding.
▪
A class action can drive you crazy.
▪
A settlement is pending in a recent class action suit against Greyhound.
▪
Sucharow, which represented some of the investors in the class action .
business
▪
The business class and the establishment are not totally closed to outsiders.
▪
While at Stanford law school, she took a business class on entrepreneurship.
▪
The planes have 174 seats - 14 for first class , 30 for business class and 130 economy.
▪
Flying economy class can kill you, and business class isn't much better.
▪
All the while relaxing in one of the biggest business class seats in the business.
▪
The core of the business class makes the important decisions about planning for the future.
▪
Managers below the chief executive level are distinct from the business class itself.
consciousness
▪
At this stage its members have class consciousness and class solidarity.
▪
There is no trace of conceit, arrogance or class consciousness about her.
▪
There has, therefore, been little chance in the past for a political growth of class consciousness among subordinate groups.
▪
This separate class consciousness he endeavored to dispel.
▪
They also encourage the development of false class consciousness .
▪
This pattern is confirmed by analyses of the process underlying the development of class consciousness among workers.
▪
Low levels of class consciousness are exacerbated by clientelism, which links the peasant through personal relationships to some one in another class.
▪
Union commitment grew, in some cases, from pre-existing class consciousness .
difference
▪
There are no social class differences .
▪
Highlighting class differences to emphasize his own down-to-earth roots is nothing new to Dole.
▪
However, there were also marked class differences .
▪
There were some clear social class differences in their answers.
▪
On the other hand, what older people have in common is in some ways more striking than the class differences between them.
▪
Social class differences in fertility are little evident in women who marry between ages 25 to 29.
▪
Then it seemed that class differences were an insurmountable barrier, but this too was not the only answer.
division
▪
But its impact on class inequality ... is to sharpen class division .
▪
Robert Reich and James Fallows are two of the best writers who worry over the new class division in the country.
▪
Status groups can also cut across class divisions .
▪
What has then happened is a class division , of a stable and organized kind, within cultural production.
▪
Amongst themselves the Zuwaya did not divide into classes , nor did any inter-tribal division mark a class division.
▪
They might have to deal directly with the country's ethnic and class divisions .
▪
They claim that the private ownership of capital provides the key to explaining class divisions .
▪
Conflicts which do not appear directly related to class divisions are no minor anomalies.
evening
▪
A popular weekly evening class is the Access Course, which is designed for those considering higher education.
▪
On the downside, college evening classes cost a bundle.
▪
However, the same rule applies to evening classes as to joining clubs - it must be a subject that really interests you.
▪
Its main function was teaching, through evening classes .
▪
Timetable: Morning, afternoon and evening classes .
▪
Many girls worked in minor clerical jobs and were encouraged to learn shorthand and typing skills at evening classes .
▪
A fancy thought popped into his mind then, handed to him by the tutor of his evening class .
member
▪
Please do your best to encourage your class members to come along.
▪
Please collect counterfoils and money from your class members and send to Joan Daniels as soon as possible.
▪
It is possible for teachers and/or class members to attend individual sessions which are taken by different people each week.
▪
It would be necessary to bring along some class members - a fee will be paid.
▪
It is very helpful if the renewal cards can be used, so please take the opportunity to remind all class members .
▪
Please publicise these days to your class members .
▪
Please be on the look-out for talented class members ... especially young ones! 6.
▪
Please encourage class members , their photographic friends and relatives or anyone else wishing to snap subject matter in class.
structure
▪
Weber strongly criticized Marx's attempt to explain all social cleavages as the product of economically based class structures and struggles.
▪
In contrast, where class structures are less developed - both economically and culturally - the political institutions may be inherently weak.
▪
This can be assessed by linking class structure to income distribution figures.
▪
Meanwhile, other areas of the class structure are much less open.
▪
However, the structure of employment is crucial for class structure.
▪
In class structure grammar these form a class.
▪
In giving most people middle-class aspirations it tried to rid the nation of its old-fashioned class structure .
▪
The growth in their numbers this century has led to a longstanding debate about their position in the class structure .
struggle
▪
This was followed by intervention, by an ... intensification of the class struggle , which assumed the form of civil war.
▪
The class approach centers on the examination of the tactics of class domination and the dynamics of the class struggle .
▪
This does not, of course, mean that Marx avoided the problems of class and the class struggle .
▪
Equality in poverty might mean civil population contentment whereas glaring inequalities sow the seeds of a class struggle or revolution.
▪
Concessions which judges make to workers at one moment in the class struggle may be removed at another.
▪
Class and social change Class struggle Marx believed that the class struggle was the driving force of social change.
▪
The first part of his answer appeals to the class struggle .
▪
This romance is duly mirrored in working-class politics - miners are the Clark Gables, the Reds of class struggle .
system
▪
It adds to our reputation as an island still constricted by an ossified class system .
▪
Many criminal actions appear to offer little threat to the capitalist class system .
▪
The class system is all but dead.
▪
Outwardly Britain may have appeared stable; the class system and its accompanying distribution of wealth remained largely unchallenged.
▪
So he picked the one profession that would work around the class system .
▪
Marxist feminism is rather more complicated in that it sees the oppression of women as inextricably linked to the class system .
▪
The teddy bear knows no class system ... and acknowledges no international borders.
world
▪
Now the approach is expanding to include world class quality service.
▪
He became world class by converting opportunity into performance.
▪
Unless we get a WORLD class player ... like a younger Gullit, or maybe Ndlove ... I m seriously disillusioned.
▪
He made at least 5 WORLD class saves, the best to deny Noel Whelan.
▪
Seaman should have saved the first goal, but did make a two world class saves against Berkamp and Rikaard.
▪
This will provide a world class source of environmental consultancy and technical services.
▪
This summer he should break through the 8,000 points mark into truly world class territory.
■ VERB
attend
▪
Sarah and Theodore are attending a literacy class , taught in a shut-down factory, in the nearby city of Le6n.
▪
Many attend classes in, or actually teach, another type of movement; in Norfolk.
▪
He never attended classes and never left his ten-hours-a-day, six-days-a-week job at Midvale.
▪
Soon Horton was told that Alvin was attending classes at last and that the boy might even be gifted.
▪
I used to attend his classes when I was in high school and that was very, very beneficial.
▪
Those activities could include attending a literacy program, doing volunteer work, or attending parenting classes .
teach
▪
In the winter women went to Radcliffe, where Harvard professors taught them in special classes .
▪
Katherine Mansfield is held to be a great writer in the States and taught in their college classes .
▪
I taught a Sunday school class and sang in the church choir, whose members included soldiers stationed at nearby bases.
▪
A continuing programme to investigate, evaluate, and disseminate best practice information on teaching large classes has also been developed.
▪
He taught no high-level classes in black studies; the department, in fact, had no such classes.
▪
I remember teaching a class of social workers who had once received some lectures on Freud.
▪
Father Henry taught catechism to some classes and was, in effect, the priest in the convent chapel.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
First Class/Second Class Honours
cut class/school
▪
She started cutting classes and fighting with her teachers and parents.
▪
But Democratic legislators say the tax cut would cut school funding by more than $ 3 billion.
▪
The conference also approved resolutions to cut class sizes and protect teachers from undue stress.
infant school/teacher/class etc
▪
Ah, but here was a job: the infant teacher was called away for half an hour.
▪
An infant school built in 1840 served both Seaton and Sigglesthorne.
▪
At this time Syeduz was nearly six and in his second term in the infant school.
▪
Children attended infant school until they were seven.
▪
Read in studio An infant school has reopened after being severely damaged by arsonists.
▪
The limit for first-year infants classes will be 27 and for classes of children of mixed ages, 24.
▪
This infant school was sometimes part of a junior school which catered for seven to eleven year olds.
labouring class/family etc
▪
Although in other poems Leapor shows that labouring class women can be desperately unhappy in marriage, she is not unequivocal.
▪
Day schooling was received by only a minority of children from the labouring classes, in some parishes a very tiny one.
▪
Even 2 out of every 3 farm labouring families stayed put and overall 3 out of every 4 households remained virtually the same.
▪
For the most part, however, the labouring classes did not move very far.
▪
His poetry often depicts labouring class life vividly.
▪
Relatively little attention has been paid to the origins of labouring class poetry.
▪
Stephen Duck, however, is not the first instance of a labouring class poet in the eighteenth century.
▪
The claims made for these poems, however, reveal some of the difficulties in a discussion of labouring class poetry.
remedial course/class/teacher etc
▪
About one quarter of entering college students now take at least one remedial course.
▪
Middle-class children thus tend to fill the honors and advanced-placement classes while poor children take the general and remedial classes.
▪
Most of these students take remedial classes in all three fields.
▪
People were appointed to co-ordinate the work of remedial teachers in schools.
▪
Some run efficient remedial courses, which could surely be used for youngsters who had taken a broader sixth-form course.
▪
The Association has branches throughout the country that provide information and hold remedial classes.
▪
Their placement in a remedial course confirmed their suspicions.
▪
These students traverse course after remedial course, becoming increasingly turned off to writing, increasingly convinced that they are hopelessly inadequate.
the chattering classes
▪
Hamlet re-visited, or Art aspiring to the condition of group therapy for the chattering classes?
▪
No ordinary person wants them any more, though they will for years to come provide talking points for the chattering classes.
▪
The chattering classes of Blackheath may find his food digestible enough, but my cellmate Paul was flabbergasted.
the upper class
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪
Doctors are reluctant to prescribe a new class of drugs, especially ones which need to be taken for long periods of time.
▪
French is one of a class of languages known as the Romance languages.
▪
Heidi fainted during French class today!
▪
I'm going out with some friends from my dance class .
▪
I graduated in 1999. What class were you in?
▪
I was talking to a girl in my class about the math homework.
▪
Let's go - I have my first class in 10 minutes!
▪
My dad's going to his 40th class reunion this year.
▪
People were excluded from education based on class and race.
▪
She gets along well with the other children in her class .
▪
Some people argue that class distinctions do not exist in the U.S., but this is untrue.
▪
Success in this country seems to be based on class rather than on ability.
▪
The old class system is slowly disappearing.
▪
the professional and managerial classes
▪
The Republicans are promising tax cuts for the middle class .
▪
The treaty called for the elimination of an entire class of nuclear weapons.
▪
There are twenty kids in the class .
▪
There is a clear link between social class and educational achievement.
▪
Today we only had a small class of ten people.
▪
When's your next class ?
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪
After they had used swear words once in class , he argued, they would never use them again.
▪
But all important ones must pass through that process, and ours certainly falls into that class .
▪
Marxism, my friend, has studied economics and the social classes.
▪
Moreover, there is no doubt that in large classes this practice can ease the burden on the class teacher.
▪
One day I changed from second class to high class.
▪
See, I spent two years of core classes and you get to meet all the professors.
▪
Special classes of applicant Like other institutions the Polytechnic has paid increased attention to the recruitment of overseas students in recent years.
▪
Ten years ago, fewer than 100 Harvard students took entrepreneur classes, he said.
II. verb
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
First Class/Second Class Honours
infant school/teacher/class etc
▪
Ah, but here was a job: the infant teacher was called away for half an hour.
▪
An infant school built in 1840 served both Seaton and Sigglesthorne.
▪
At this time Syeduz was nearly six and in his second term in the infant school.
▪
Children attended infant school until they were seven.
▪
Read in studio An infant school has reopened after being severely damaged by arsonists.
▪
The limit for first-year infants classes will be 27 and for classes of children of mixed ages, 24.
▪
This infant school was sometimes part of a junior school which catered for seven to eleven year olds.
labouring class/family etc
▪
Although in other poems Leapor shows that labouring class women can be desperately unhappy in marriage, she is not unequivocal.
▪
Day schooling was received by only a minority of children from the labouring classes, in some parishes a very tiny one.
▪
Even 2 out of every 3 farm labouring families stayed put and overall 3 out of every 4 households remained virtually the same.
▪
For the most part, however, the labouring classes did not move very far.
▪
His poetry often depicts labouring class life vividly.
▪
Relatively little attention has been paid to the origins of labouring class poetry.
▪
Stephen Duck, however, is not the first instance of a labouring class poet in the eighteenth century.
▪
The claims made for these poems, however, reveal some of the difficulties in a discussion of labouring class poetry.
remedial course/class/teacher etc
▪
About one quarter of entering college students now take at least one remedial course.
▪
Middle-class children thus tend to fill the honors and advanced-placement classes while poor children take the general and remedial classes.
▪
Most of these students take remedial classes in all three fields.
▪
People were appointed to co-ordinate the work of remedial teachers in schools.
▪
Some run efficient remedial courses, which could surely be used for youngsters who had taken a broader sixth-form course.
▪
The Association has branches throughout the country that provide information and hold remedial classes.
▪
Their placement in a remedial course confirmed their suspicions.
▪
These students traverse course after remedial course, becoming increasingly turned off to writing, increasingly convinced that they are hopelessly inadequate.
the upper class
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪
This prison houses the most dangerous criminals in Britain, those classed as "category A'.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪
Respondent: No I wouldn't, I wouldn't class them as being Northumbrians.