adjective
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a clinical diagnosis (= given as the result of tests )
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Pneumonia was the most common clinical diagnosis with these symptoms.
a clinical examination (= by a doctor )
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The clinical examination may not reveal anything abnormal.
clinical thermometer
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ NOUN
application
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The clinical application of devices or materials which contact blood is of major importance in modern medicine.
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The work, if confirmed, could eventually lead to clinical application in the treatment of aplastic anaemia and malignancy.
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Many other substances were screened for antiviral activity and a few drugs with limited clinical application were found.
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Skeletal bone fillers Not all clinical applications demand the high mechanical strengths that are needed in dental crowns.
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The study of gastric mucosal proliferation may have important clinical applications .
area
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The invited speakers are either themselves practising in the clinical area or currently speaking or writing about childbirth matters.
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Clinical managers have more narrowly defined responsibilities than generalists and have training and / or experience in a specific clinical area .
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It helps if you can limit your first list to those skills you will require in one clinical area .
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But in the clinical area it is possible to teach concepts by observation and experiences supported by language.
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However, in the clinical area this is not always easy to apply.
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Ward learning resources During her training, a student is assigned to various clinical areas for periods of six to twelve weeks.
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My period of training took place as I was practising in the clinical area .
assessment
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Examination by written papers, oral clinical assessment and thesis.
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All patients routinely underwent clinical assessment of continence before operation.
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This is currently undergoing clinical assessment in Britain, and if all goes well will be commercially available within a few years.
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A standard, detailed clinical assessment was also carried out on a subsample of these children.
benefit
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This improvement in outcome implies economic as well as clinical benefit .
care
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Colonoscopic surveillance in colitis should reduce cancer related death compared with routine clinical care , by detecting early curable cancer.
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That means a high standard of clinical care and a personal service.
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This may be in terms of amenities in hospital wards, or in the actual clinical care provided.
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This knowledge was rapidly applied to clinical care by responsible physicians.
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The standard of clinical care reported is less than acceptable.
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Purchasers may buy clinical care but will not want to pay the extra costs attributable to research.
course
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Invasion and metastasis largely determine the clinical course of colorectal carcinomas.
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From these findings and from the clinical course , we concluded that the fragments had passed spontaneously into the duodenum.
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When she was seen there seemed to be no good reason for this strange reversal in her clinical course .
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His older sister had died at the age of 6 months after an identical clinical course .
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Their clinical features were compared, as was the extent of disease, the clinical course , and prognosis.
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Table I summarises their subsequent clinical course .
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Secondly, transport of such critically ill patients to regional referral centres should be considered and discussed early in the clinical course .
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Therefore the relation between the ICAM-1 expression and the clinical course seems to be of diagnostic interest for colonic carcinoma.
data
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The triple computer system contained confidential clinical data including details of how long patients had to live.
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If I answer no I simply return the questionnaire without any clinical data .
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The table summarises the clinical data and results.
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Table I shows the clinical data on admission.
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Results Table I shows clinical data for all 23 patients.
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No clinical data regarding the aetiology of superficial gastritis in these patients are given.
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These plants, unlike the earlier tonics, have the backing of a large amount of experimental and clinical data .
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If these data were combined with clinical data then large subgroups with low mortality could be identified.
decision
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We believe that in future clinical computer systems will provide support for making detailed clinical decisions .
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This report offered a useful opportunity to discuss the extent to which the age factor might influence clinical decision making.
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Whether a patient needs to be admitted immediately is a clinical decision .
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Whether this has resulted in better clinical decision making, patient satisfaction, or use of resources is as yet unknown.
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Fundholding practitioners would be less constrained in their clinical decision making and patients could anticipate more choice and improvements in services.
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Sobel and Collen suggested that clinical decisions on intravenous heparin should await the outcome of unfinished trials.
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Systematic reviews: synthesis of best evidence for clinical decisions .
depression
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Similar definitions apply to osteoporosis or clinical depression .
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Of those who commit suicide, 60 percent suffer from clinical depression , Quinnett claims.
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Another important symptom of clinical depression is loss of the capacity to love.
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Four of five people with clinical depression can improve and resume daily activity, usually within weeks.
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There is, however, abundant evidence that many patients vulnerable to clinical depression have a constitutional deficit of serotonin.
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One assumes other factors were at work, perhaps clinical depression , so that the medal controversy precipitated his decision.
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Darlington magistrates were told Mr Siddle had been suffering from clinical depression triggered by business problems.
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I can give you clinical depression .
diagnosis
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Delayed gastric emptying after surgery was confirmed in only 20% of patients referred with this clinical diagnosis .
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The results are often at variance with the clinical diagnosis .
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Patients who fail to respond to these regimens or whose symptoms do not allow an accurate clinical diagnosis should be referred.
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It is a safe, clinical diagnosis requiring no investigation.
director
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This could be a dilemma for both the clinical director and other consultants within the directorate.
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Such concerns can create new and significant demands upon the staff management skills of new clinical directors .
disease
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It contributes to the syndrome of parasitic gastroenteritis and only occasionally occurs in sufficient numbers to cause clinical disease on its own.
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Young calves, added to such a grazing herd in July, may develop clinical disease within 2-3 weeks.
ecologist
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A report by the Royal College of Physicians of London concluded that studies of clinical ecologists were seriously flawed.
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In a well publicised case a patient recently committed suicide while under the care of a clinical ecologist .
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The question of validity of the methods of clinical ecologists is essentially what constitutes good science.
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Papers written by clinical ecologists for clinical ecologists in clinical ecology journals have little scientific impact.
ecology
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We find much of concern in the current vituperative condemnation of clinical ecology .
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No such authoritative review of clinical ecology can occur without the active participation of proponents of the approach.
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Papers written by clinical ecologists for clinical ecologists in clinical ecology journals have little scientific impact.
evidence
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These early studies were performed in diabetics with and without clinical evidence of vascular disease.
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However, accumulating clinical evidence suggests that the single worst action a victim can take is to submit to an abusive partner.
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This hypothesis is not widely accepted as the clinical evidence generally is not supportive.
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Although platelet thromboxane generation was elevated in diabetics without clinical evidence of vascular disease, the difference did not reach statistical significance.
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Final microbiological diagnosis was made by two infectious disease specialists who weighed all available clinical evidence .
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More recent studies have attempted to overcome this problem by electively studying diabetics free from clinical evidence of vascular disease.
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Historically, clinical evidence has been the greatest source of research into differences between the hemispheres.
examination
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A health check, in my opinion, involves a clinical examination and intervention, where appropriate, based on the findings.
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Usually, the clinical presentation is not subtle, and the presence of a malignancy becomes obvious after a thorough clinical examination .
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No abnormalities were found on clinical examination .
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A further clinical examination is time consuming since it entails preparing another feed and watching or palpating the abdomen throughout a feed.
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These results suggest that medication is often prescribed without clinical examination and probably without a diagnosis being made.
experience
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Lack of support during previous clinical experience may have sapped the confidence of the learner.
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It has been studied the most extensively and there is a very large clinical experience with the drug.
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Tutorials Tutorials should be arranged during a ward allocation so that the learner covers specific subjects relevant to her clinical experience .
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Would that we had had a bit more clinical experience , but that is part of their program today.
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This is obviously not conducive to ward learning, and valuable clinical experience is wasted.
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This has not been a problem in practical clinical experience .
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His clinical experiences taken together provided the basis for, as well as continuing opportunity to re-evaluate, his theory of early emotional development.
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This has not been the usual clinical experience , and these results have not been replicated.
finding
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The high standard of diagnostic imaging skills at our hospital has led to a decreased reliance on clinical findings .
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She was referred back to the medical clinic after a few months with the same clinical findings .
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Tumour staging was dependant upon the histological features and the clinical findings at the time of resection.
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Our clinical findings suggest that the neuronal disorder may be compensated to some degree because the intestines are richly innervated.
judgment
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This is what clinical judgment is all about.
management
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To minimise potential bias, the study investigators set up the ventilators but were not involved in the clinical management of patients.
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Specific ethical approval was not obtained for physiological recordings, which were considered part of clinical management .
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Though the numbers affected are small colonoscopic biopsy and histological examination for dysplasia seems to hold no advantage over routine clinical management .
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Closer examination of these studies shows a number of features that may help in the clinical management of these patients.
manifestation
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Although we used a pragmatic primary outcome, we carefully investigated all clinical manifestations .
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Thus, it seems most reasonable to PostPone drug therapy of primary hyperuricemia until clinical manifestations occur.
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They may thus account for observable clinical manifestations .
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The clinical manifestations will reflect the location of the epileptogenic focus.
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Some of the clinical manifestations in the coeliac disease patient may be a result of carnitine deficiency.
medicine
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Differences between clinical medicine and public health in their views on quality assurance are also illustrated.
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Some of them are potent ganglion blocking agents and were introduced into clinical medicine , but they had grave disadvantages.
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The reports illustrate the tensions between clinical medicine and public health in the formulation of health policy.
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The objective is to provide the student with a basic knowledge of normal human biology with aspects relevant to clinical medicine .
need
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This situation has enormous implications for all patients who require an extra contractual referral based on clinical need .
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I think clinical need is often influenced by the thickness of somebody's big wallet.
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The practice reiterated its concern about having the freedom to refer patients according to clinical need .
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The clinical need for a non-traumatic method of exploration was stated by Oldendorf in the 1960s.
practice
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Is clinical practice supervised and formally assessed before course completion?
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How much control of clinical practice should be included in the monitoring schemes?
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Measurement of the albumin excretion rate requires an accurately timed collection of urine, which is difficult in routine clinical practice .
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The latest findings may not make much difference to clinical practice in this country.
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Isotope gastric emptying studies may be useful in clinical practice .
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In clinical practice grommet insertion may be performed for a number of different indications apart from hearing loss.
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This is essential for the translation of research findings into clinical practice and should be mandatory in reports in clinical journals.
presentation
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While these symptoms impart a conformity to the clinical presentation , the underlying psychodynamic psychopathology is varied.
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Trismus may be very prominent, resulting in a clinical presentation mimicking tetanus.
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There have been few controlled prospective studies of the effect of transferring to human insulin on the clinical presentation of hypoglycaemia.
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A presumptive diagnosis of gout can often be made on the basis of hyperuricemia and the clinical presentation .
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Firstly, he or she will have an understanding of primary care, especially clinical presentations in general practice.
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Usually, the clinical presentation is not subtle, and the presence of a malignancy becomes obvious after a thorough clinical examination.
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The clinical presentation of complex partial seizures is diverse and includes psychiatric, motor, and somatic signs and symptoms.
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It is a nonspecific test and must be interpreted in the context of the total clinical presentation . 4.
problem
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More commonly, larval numbers increase on pasture in summer and autumn giving rise to clinical problems during these seasons.
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The organism was not believed to be a clinical problem .
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This real clinical problem presents a therapeutic dilemma.
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The main, unsolved clinical problem is chronic duodenal ulcer.
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This may help in the investigation of conditions where gastroparesis is a clinical problem .
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Although this complication is unlikely to cause overt clinical problems it may result in diagnostic confusion particularly with peritoneal malignancy.
psychologist
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School and clinical psychologists may offer more information about the intelligence and personality of school-age children than any other professional.
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The team now consists of 5 social workers, 5 community mental handicap nurses and 3 clinical psychologists .
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Interviews conducted by school or clinical psychologists with parents and teachers may rule out the existence of an attention-deficit disorder.
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Ninety percent of all applicants are interviewed by a clinical psychologist .
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Spring is a Westport, Conn., clinical psychologist who specializes in treating issues of infidelity.
psychology
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Day hospital places have also continued to increase, but in many districts clinical psychology services are underresourced.
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Keeping the contract Martin Herbert, a professor of clinical psychology , has written an excellent book, Living with Teenagers.
remission
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Also, treatment was considered unsuccessful when clinical remission was not achieved after four weeks.
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He was referred in 1984 and had a full clinical remission with elemental diet and began single food reintroductions.
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All patients with ulcerative colitis were in clinical remission and had normal levels of haemoglobin, C-reactive protein, and serum orosomucoid.
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Almost all affected twins were in clinical remission .
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They were otherwise in clinical remission .
research
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Nurses as researchers Nurses are admirably placed to carry out clinical research .
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If you were doing clinical research with a spiritual or religious factor, you were considered fringe.
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Other programs are based on clinical research and used in professional practices.
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If Britain is to maintain its tradition of excellent clinical research adequate support must be provided for the clinical costs of research.
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The company invests heavily in clinical research , beyond what is needed to get its drugs past the regulators.
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Britain's clinical research is widely acknowledged to be in very bad shape.
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There has then little clinical research in this field, although a recent paper from appeared in Aviation and Space Medicine.
service
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How do we pay for clinical services which we are purchasing?
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That is, it may be easier to agree a price for a contract for clinical services than to assess cost or cost-effectiveness.
sign
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The principal clinical signs in heavy infections are rapid weight loss and diarrhoea.
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When laboratory findings confirm clinical signs of nutrition problems, an interview with a nutritionist is essential.
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In severe infections, diarrhoea is the most prominent clinical sign .
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Mass emergence of these larvae results in the severe clinical signs described previously.
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This is based on the grazing history and clinical signs of loss of condition and anaemia.
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Otherwise, clinical signs are absent except in the occasional case of intestinal or biliary obstruction.
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A group of specific clinical signs seem useful in predicting hypoxaemia.
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This is based on clinical signs , seasonal occurrence of disease and, if possible, lesions at post-mortem examination.
study
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Reserpine became the focus of further clinical studies .
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Many clinical studies initially reported excellent results with the drug.
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These pathological findings are in agreement with clinical studies , the most convincing evidence coming from the prospective community study in Framingham.
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All the government wanted was a statutory vehicle such as these clinical studies to prove whether this works or not.
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Dougherty has been doing the basic research and clinical studies for the past five years.
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Pre-emptive analgesia has, indeed, been said to have been shown to occur in several clinical studies .
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For example, the distinction between pre-clinical and clinical studies has been eroded in some medical courses.
symptom
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Pneumonia was the clinical symptom most strongly associated with seroconversion among drug users.
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The clinical symptoms of magnesium excess or deficiency can be demonstrated to relate to this dependence.
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None experienced side effects or clinical symptoms .
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Patients with active colitis had clinical symptoms of urgency, loose stools, abdominal pain, and blood in the stool.
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Epigastric pain was the main clinical symptom of duodenal ulcer disease: this was experienced by all patients before entering the study.
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The commonest clinical symptom associated with V cholerae non-O1 infection is watery diarrhoea, mild to moderate in severity.
teacher
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Because this skill is vital to a nurse, it must be developed by clinical teachers , tutors and the ward team.
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The clinical teacher should be part of the ward team, but must resist becoming an extra pair of hands.
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The teacher may be a more experienced student, one of the ward's trained staff or the clinical teacher.
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Formal departmental boundaries were lost, and clinical teachers were involved from the beginning of the course.
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The student and the clinical teacher can work as a team, though not necessarily together.
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The role of the clinical teacher has been discussed in the previous chapter.
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Here, therefore, only the opportunities and problems in bedside nursing as they affect the clinical teacher will be mentioned.
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The clinical teacher also has a responsibility to ensure that a high standard of nursing care is given to the patient.
test
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Some limited laboratory and clinical tests undertaken at Bayer led to the belief that it was slightly too toxic to be acceptable.
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Approval is by no means certain, despite two rounds of late-stage clinical tests that appear to demonstrate the Serono drug works.
trial
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The high cost of clinical trials and animal tests has forced Beecham to hold back products that looked promising in research.
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Data from more than thirty clinical trials involving more than 10, 000 pain patients unequivocally support this conclusion.
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New products currently under development and in clinical trials in our biomedical business offer exciting potential for future growth.
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Agouron is counting on Viracept sales to finance development of several other products, including a cancer drug now in clinical trials .
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Publication bias: the case for an international registry of clinical trials .
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Insurers have everything to gain by supporting clinical trials .
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If it is confirmed by longer and larger clinical trials , this will rightly be hailed as a scientific triumph.
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These cancer surveillance programmes are now widely implemented despite not having been subjected to clinical trial .
use
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Six thrombolytic agents are either approved for clinical use or under clinical investigation in some patients with acute myocardial infarction.
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Pronethalol had only just come into clinical use when it was found to produce tumours in mice.
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Like the beta-blocking drugs which came into clinical use later, their effects were not predicted but were undoubtedly useful.
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Whether these agents will be safe enough for clinical use in man remains unknown.
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Although not yet in clinical use there is now some highly innovative potential in the treatment of disease.
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A further restriction on the clinical use of alumina is the response of tissues to its implantation.
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Similarly, despite widespread clinical use , evidence for sulphasalazine renal toxicity is scanty.
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Examples of the clinical uses of bioceramics.
work
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During the three-year course for registration, the student nurse spends four-fifths of her time on clinical work .
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Do they use that in making decisions about their clinical work ?
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The post was very interesting and involved a good blend of research, teaching and clinical work .
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Supplementary income generating activities include clinical work and consultancies for donor agencies.
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Good and less good students all need teaching and supervision in their clinical work .
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His work on dreams and symbolism has proved valuable in clinical work.
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The increased detail of these codes means that hospital coders are likely to have more difficulty in coding clinical work accurately.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
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a cold, clinical view of homelessness
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His words were harsh and clinical -- "I don't love you any more. It is over. I am leaving you.''
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Klinsmann was absolutely clinical in scoring that goal.
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Sound systems are now used in clinical settings, especially in psychiatrists' and dentists' offices.
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The drug has undergone a number of clinical trials.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
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However, this study has been criticized on both clinical and laboratory grounds.
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Important differences existed between the clinical and rehabilitation members in their approach to patient management.
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In a well publicised case a patient recently committed suicide while under the care of a clinical ecologist.
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In our clinical age, we call it the subconscious.
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Perfection is cold and clinical , every angle precise, every edge razor sharp and according to plan.
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The department has a strong research base reflecting commitment to clinical nursing and the utilisation of research.
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This will mostly be used in clinical trials, although some is expected to go to those with official medical approval.
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While these symptoms impart a conformity to the clinical presentation, the underlying psychodynamic psychopathology is varied.