noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
additional costs/expenditure etc
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An additional charge is made on baggage exceeding the weight allowance.
defence spending/expenditure
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There were plans to cut defence spending by one billion pounds.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
additional
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There is no reference to any additional expenditure on working to ensure a fairer system of legal liability.
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With this approach there is a need to justify all expenditure and not just that expenditure at the margin or additional expenditure.
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Anticipating the areas of additional expenditure is not to be pessimistic.
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I believe that it is an item of additional expenditure that would win the approval of the whole House.
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Expansion of the money supply in these circumstances may lead to no additional expenditure , only additional idle balances.
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Expenditure was put at 3,319,333.8 million roubles with additional expenditure of 334,200 million roubles.
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A method of calculating additional overhead expenditure is as follows.
annual
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In terms of spending, it now cost £12 million to administer an annual expenditure of only £17 million on the grant.
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To support this, the commitment to annual expenditure of over £6m in research and technology will continue.
capital
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Also, both operating expenditure and the operating consequences of capital expenditure appear together in the funds.
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Local authorities are also constrained in the proportion of capital receipts they may use to support capital expenditure .
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Similar developments are in hand in respect of capital expenditure .
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They cut capital expenditure before reducing current spending on staff. 4.
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Of that, £7.2 billion will be spent directly by my departments or as capital expenditure by local authorities.
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The definition of capital expenditure and operating expenditure is relevant for deciding how to finance.
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If any operating division wishes to incur capital expenditure , it submits an appraisal form to the Finance Director.
current
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Pay constitutes two-thirds of all current expenditure .
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In 1989-90 non-mineral exports would total P225,000,000 less than current expenditure , breaking the pattern of the previous decade.
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Since 1975, the index has been current weighted by expenditure in the latest available year.
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Is current expenditure well spent and does it produce services of an appropriate quality?
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All organisations will make the distinction between capital and revenue or current expenditure .
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In general terms, capital expenditure will commit future current expenditure.
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We will consider these three sources in the ascending order of their importance in supporting current expenditure .
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Total expenditure on the scheme should not exceed current expenditure on allowances.
general
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As a general rule, expenditure only rose as enrolment fell.
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They were not accounted for in private consumption expenditure , general government expenditure, or domestic capital formation.
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Central government now sought to reduce local spending as part of its general public expenditure strategy.
high
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In both countries, therefore, the priority given to education was reflected in high levels of expenditure .
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This, it can be argued. was due to popular pressure against high military expenditure .
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This demonstrates the difficulties in proving that higher expenditure leads to better health.
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A scholar wants to know which factors are crucial for explaining high public expenditure .
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The higher is, the higher is consumption expenditure and the higher is the level of aggregate demand.
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Externally, leading capitalist economies require high military expenditure for the political and strategic defence of the system against any Soviet threat.
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It provided for higher social services expenditure , and also reflected recent unfavourable exchange rate movements.
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Defence could muster cogent arguments to maintain an unusually high level of expenditure .
increased
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The Gladstonian principle that public sector budgets should be balanced - increased expenditure met by increased taxes - was the accepted rule.
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The second-round effect of the increased government expenditure will be a further increase in national income of £40 million.
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Something which is particularly curious is that increased government expenditure has not produced the egalitarian society which was intended.
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Direct action by central government would necessitate substantially increased expenditure and therefore revenue.
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In this case, people receive the extra money either through tax cuts or through increased government expenditure .
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Rapidly increasing administrative costs are contributing to reductions in service despite increased expenditure .
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At the same time, higher unemployment will involve increased government expenditure on unemployment benefits.
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There is already scope for significantly increased expenditure within the existing own resources ceiling.
local
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It has attempted to be very explicit about what it considers to be unnecessary local expenditure .
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The size of local authority capital expenditure for selected years is shown in Table 6.1.
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This enormous decline in public housing was largely due to a government-induced squeeze on local authority expenditure .
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Central government, therefore, requires information that local authority expenditure has been legitimate and that minimum service provisions have been met.
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Clearly, so long as ministerial assurances are honoured, rate-capping can deliver only very limited reductions in total local authority expenditure .
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However the statistics are compiled, an examination of local government expenditure shows a steady increase over the years.
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Great Britain is not alone in witnessing a growth in local government expenditure .
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An additional 3% was local authority capital expenditure .
military
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Greater stability would give poorer nations the opportunity to reduce their own military expenditure .
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Despite that military expenditure , there are many situations where the military is useless, says Edward Djerejian.
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This, it can be argued. was due to popular pressure against high military expenditure .
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Thus the crucial objectives were to limit military expenditure and to focus resources on domestic issues.
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Similarly, much military expenditure may have a direct destabilising effect on a country's balance of payments.
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Parliamentary revenues brought in about £300,000 between 1512 and 1517, only one-third of military expenditure .
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Arms sales clearly do but most military expenditure does not.
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Externally, leading capitalist economies require high military expenditure for the political and strategic defence of the system against any Soviet threat.
national
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Gross and net national expenditure for the United Kingdom, 1987.
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As with national expenditure these increases represent a 15 percent rise compared with the budget for 1992/3.
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The Opposition tell half-truths because Labour is the only party which when in office cut national health expenditure .
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National income is the value of the actual amount produced and so is necessarily equal to the national product and expenditure .
overall
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The budget forecast that overall government expenditure would increase by 15.4 percent in the 1991/92 fiscal year to S$15,800 million.
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They may be expressed in terms of overall expenditure and cost per item and include comparisons with historic expenditure and budget expectations.
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All discussion of retrospective and prospective reimbursement systems points to the difficulties of controlling overall expenditure .
planned
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This approach tends to preserve previous spending patterns because planned expenditure is based on historical and current practice.
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The committee recommended a system of annual surveys of planned public expenditure for years ahead.
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By 1990-1 about 46 percent of planned public expenditure was covered by cash limits.
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One is to say that substantial expansion is simply not possible, given planned expenditure levels.
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Now underspending of £2000 million on this year's planned public expenditure may persuade ministers to dive into the metals market.
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National expenditure , then, can be called actual expenditure, while aggregate demand can be called planned expenditure.
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He should be comparing planned expenditure last year with planned expenditure this year.
public
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Initially the results were very disappointing as public expenditure continued to grow.
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The government, for example, emphasises physical renewal and the extent to which public expenditure has levered private sector investment.
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A scholar wants to know which factors are crucial for explaining high public expenditure .
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Even so there have been no easy solutions to monitoring the country's public expenditure .
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Prior to polling day the government announced a new package of economic stimulants including public works expenditure and tax cuts.
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Gradually Congress was won over to the need for tax increases and cuts in public expenditure .
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The hardest reforms will involve means-testing, challenging the assumptions of the welfare state, and cutting public expenditure .
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However, the 1961 Plowden reforms were the watershed for modern planning, monitoring and control of public expenditure .
recurrent
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I announced in the House on 26 November my plans for recurrent and capital expenditure on grant-aided colleges.
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These contradictions explain the recurrent expenditure crises.
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On May 10 Mullings presented a budget for 1990-91 with recurrent expenditure estimated at J$7,049 million and capital expenditure of J$3,522,800,000.
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The budget of EC$184,000,000 projected capital expenditure at EC$85,100,000 and recurrent expenditure at EC$98,800,000, while revenue was estimated at EC$103,00,000.
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Total spending was set at R11,600 million, of which R9,000 million was allocated to recurrent expenditure .
social
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The costs of war enabled government to claim that they could not afford social expenditure .
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The rise in oil prices which began in 1973 resulted in a continuing series of cut-backs on social expenditure .
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But is the hallmark of social policy expenditure its contribution to public welfare, and what does this really mean?
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Health and personal social services expenditure trends are harder to interpret.
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The lack of enthusiasm for social expenditure in the Treasury produced a remarkable lack of foresight in such matters.
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First, social policy expenditure has to compete with other public expenditure dedicated to the defence of the realm.
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It was social security expenditure that increased, un-cash limited and driven by unemployment.
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It provided for higher social services expenditure , and also reflected recent unfavourable exchange rate movements.
total
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The total expenditure varied very much from shire to shire and from year to year.
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Aerobic activity does not increase total daily calorie expenditure .
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The local authorities' educational expenditure forms about 40% of their total expenditure; it is mainly on schools.
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The strict out-door relief policy of the 1870s did not lead to a fall in total Poor Law expenditure .
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The Bar Council's equal opportunities programme will account for some 10% of total expenditure this year.
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Current expenditure was estimated at Bel$153,900,000 and total capital expenditure at Bel$107,000,000.
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By far the most important medium, in terms of total expenditure on advertising and sales promotion, is the press.
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Jardana said that the figure for total expenditure represented a 20 percent cut in real terms from 1989.
■ NOUN
authority
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This enormous decline in public housing was largely due to a government-induced squeeze on local authority expenditure .
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Central government, therefore, requires information that local authority expenditure has been legitimate and that minimum service provisions have been met.
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Clearly, so long as ministerial assurances are honoured, rate-capping can deliver only very limited reductions in total local authority expenditure .
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Local authority expenditure during the 12 years since we took office has risen by 26 percent. in real terms.
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The reasons for the growth in local authority expenditure during the 1960s and early 1970s may be summarised as follows.
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Support for this comes from a more recent analysis of local education authority expenditure by Howiek and Hassani.
consumer
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The latter are taken from a variety of sources, including tax data and surveys on consumer expenditure .
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Given consumer tastes, product prices are of fundamental importance in determining consumer expenditure patterns.
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A falling savings ratio and rapidly rising consumer expenditure were certainly significant features of the second half of the 1980s.
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Percapita consumer expenditure as a consequence had reached early 1960s levels at the end of 1982.
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The research concentrates on consumer expenditure and in this context includes both theoretical and empirical elements.
cut
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Much of this is welcome but it has to be looked at critically when public expenditure cuts dominate the policy discussions.
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In 1983, public health and social welfare received one of the biggest expenditure cuts of all the public sectors.
defence
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Greatly increased taxes and a major shift back to defence expenditure could be the least of our worries.
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Male speaker Under Options for Change we could see there was going to be a reduction in defence expenditure .
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It is amazing what we hear from Opposition Members, when they intend to cut defence expenditure .
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While military spending was constrained by the renunciation of belligerency, this does not mean that defence expenditure is insignificant.
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By contrast defence expenditure was cut, chiefly by reducing national service from 14 months to 12.
development
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Research and development Research and development expenditure is charged against profits in the year it is incurred. 6.
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Approximately 70 percent of development expenditure was to be financed from foreign assistance and loans.
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In 1993 the level of development expenditure is forecast to fall significantly by approximately £150 million.
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Projected expenditure was K1,600 million for 1990/91, to include K412,000,000 development expenditure.
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The treatment of research and development expenditure .
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No depletion is charged in respect of development expenditure .
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The 1990/91 budget, presented on March 17, 1990, allocated 1,500 million afghanis for development expenditure in the public sector.
government
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Something which is particularly curious is that increased government expenditure has not produced the egalitarian society which was intended.
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One argument is that excessive government expenditure adversely affects individual freedom and choice.
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Conversely, future taxes and government expenditure may influence current incomes, as where they are capitalized in asset values.
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In this case, people receive the extra money either through tax cuts or through increased government expenditure .
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Reductions in overseas government expenditure took place, but reluctantly and more gradually than now seems desirable.
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The budget forecast that overall government expenditure would increase by 15.4 percent in the 1991/92 fiscal year to S$15,800 million.
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It also involved a very substantial outflow of government expenditure abroad, as well as foreign investment.
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The difficulty in cutting government expenditure Cuts in government expenditure are politically unpopular.
plan
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In his autumn statement on 6 November, my right hon. Friend the Chancellor of the Exchequer announced his public expenditure plans .
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In the case of fiscal policy the major instruments are changes in tax rates and allowances, and variations in expenditure plans .
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Under our public expenditure plans , housing association output is due to rise substantially to at least 40,000 by 1993-94.
state
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Second, forms of state expenditure corresponding to each of these functions are identified.
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During the past decade, state expenditure on prisons has risen by nearly a third.
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However, many specific rural employment policies survived the reductions in state expenditure in the early 1980s.
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This involves state expenditure on social capital.
■ VERB
control
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In 1979 the government announced that it was determined, unlike the previous Labour administration, to control and reduce public expenditure .
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The desire of Congress to control the expenditure of the indemnity payments had resulted in the failure of the National Bank bill.
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These exclusions have restricted the overall effectiveness of cash limits as a device for controlling public expenditure .
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Some critics of the public sector maintain that it is inherently inefficient and unable to control its expenditure .
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Attempts to control public expenditure are nothing new; they began long before Gladstone.
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Efficient stocktaking is a key element in controlling these prices and expenditure - and that's where the Psion Organiser comes in.
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For example, assign your service manager a budget and let him control his own expenditure .
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All discussion of retrospective and prospective reimbursement systems points to the difficulties of controlling overall expenditure .
estimate
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Finance for the estimated £5m of expenditure has come from a variety of sources.
finance
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The issue of currency may be regarded as helping the government to finance its expenditure .
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The definition of capital expenditure and operating expenditure is relevant for deciding how to finance .
increase
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Does he not recall that he has promised to increase public expenditure , to cut taxes and to balance the budget?
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Aerobic activity does not increase total daily calorie expenditure .
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Despite this, 37% spent more on training and 51% increased their marketing expenditure .
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Inpart this reflects increasing expenditure on state pensions as more and more people live to a ripe old age.
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However, in the face of increasing restraint on public expenditure , these have not been notably successful.
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Another way of getting out of the recession is by increasing public expenditure .
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However, this can only be done by increasing public expenditure or redistributive taxation.
incur
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If any operating division wishes to incur capital expenditure , it submits an appraisal form to the Finance Director.
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Relying on these reports, Hedley Byrne incurred expenditure and lost money when its customer went into liquidation.
involve
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However, the House was in no mood to agree to anything which could involve massive expenditure on public offices.
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At the same time, higher unemployment will involve increased government expenditure on unemployment benefits.
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It all involved a huge expenditure of public money, said the judge.
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Cleaning up Britain does not require international action, involve huge public expenditure , or impair the efficiency of industry.
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This involves state expenditure on social capital.
meet
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Where traditional own resources are inadequate to meet the new expenditure ceiling, the fourth resource comes into operation.
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It is a variable topping-up resource to meet the expenditure ceiling.
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In practice, the issue of new currency in the United Kingdom is geared towards meeting the expenditure requirements of consumers.
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Similarly, checks are made to see you have enough in the current account to meet expenditure .
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Arrangements for meeting such expenditure is a matter for the education authority.
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Although they are helped to meet expenditure through grants from central government, their monies are prescribed for specific purposes.
reduce
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Greater stability would give poorer nations the opportunity to reduce their own military expenditure .
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A balanced budget meant increasing tax rates and reducing public expenditure .
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Such reduced absenteeism is a social benefit in that it reduces public expenditure through the statutory sick-pay scheme.
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Miliutin had begun not only to reduce expenditure , but also to introduce military personnel to the spirit of post-emancipation society.
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Various strategies have been adopted to reduce the level of expenditure .
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The ambitious goal of reducing real total public expenditure in absolute terms was never achieved.
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In 1979 the government announced that it was determined, unlike the previous Labour administration, to control and reduce public expenditure .
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The introduction of competitive tendering is intended to test the efficiency of in house services, and to reduce expenditure .
relate
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Findings relate to expenditure , degree of forward planning, objectives, workforce attitudes, management awareness and use of consultancies.
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This aspect states that expenses are not necessarily related to the expenditure of cash.
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We can try to isolate sport-#related output, sports-related income, or sports-related expenditure .
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This records only a small fraction of the sport-#related expenditure associated with spectating at sports events.
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As for indirect taxation, estimated Engel curves relate the expenditure of groups of households on taxed goods to total expenditure.
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The other major items of sport-\#related consumers' expenditure are part of the non-sport commercial sector.
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SSAP9 states that it is frequently not practicable to relate expenditure to specific units of stocks.
require
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Differences in wealth were not easily transmuted into self-conscious social distinctions, but they did require certain forms of expenditure .
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The training requires expenditure and so also does the replacement for the person away.
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Yet this change did not require much expenditure or creative thought allocation as a concept could have been deployed, rather than selection.
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Externally, leading capitalist economies require high military expenditure for the political and strategic defence of the system against any Soviet threat.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
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The new regulations will require unnecessary expenditure of time and money.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
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Even the enthusiasts for fundholding realised that the lid was sinking on health expenditure .
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He and the Pentagon continued to call for very high levels of defense expenditure .
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One is to say that substantial expansion is simply not possible, given planned expenditure levels.
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The biggest items of expenditure would probably be printing an election address and preparing a party political broadcast.
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The idea was then to introduce greater rationality to the public expenditure process.
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The lack of enthusiasm for social expenditure in the Treasury produced a remarkable lack of foresight in such matters.
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This attempted to establish uniform expenditure targets that, if substantially exceeded, would initiate penalties.