adjective
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ NOUN
acid
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There are no studies on the acute effect of alcohol intake on gastric acid secretion in chronic alcoholic patients.
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In healthy men without atrophy, gastric acid secretion is preserved with ageing and is independent of H pylori status.
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Children who are malnourished with chronic diarrhoea have defective gastric acid secretion.
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Five patients had additional selective gastric vagotomy because of excessive gastric acid or a history of duodenal ulcer.
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Recent controlled studies have served to clarify the different aspects of the interaction between alcohol and gastric acid secretion.
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Alcoholic beverages with low ethanol content stimulate gastric acid secretion by additional mechanisms.
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For gastric acid secretion, basal serum gastrin was considered in addition to these three variables.
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To compare the effect of different substances on gastric acid secretion proper control solutions comparable with the test solution should be used.
antrum
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Materials and methods Three biopsies of the gastric antrum were taken in 94 random patients referred for routine gastroscopy.
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Gastrin is the designation given to a family of protein hormones produced by the mucosal cells of the gastric antrum .
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Gastrin is a gut hormone produced by G cells located in the gastric antrum .
body
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Antral crypts were estimated to be longer than gastric body crypts.
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Decreased peptic activity was present not only in the antral mucosa but also in the less affected mucosa of the gastric body .
cancer
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A cohort study of gastric cancer incidence among cimetidine users previously published is extended with additional three years of observation.
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It is speculated that this increases protection against gastric cancer .
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Ascorbic acid, the reduced form of vitamin C, is thought to protect against gastric cancer .
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H pylori infection has been shown in prospective epidemiological studies to be a risk factor for gastric cancer .
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However, the random biopsy specimens in the patients with early gastric cancer did not show dysplasia at either investigation.
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Pancreatic carcinoma is now overtaking gastric cancer as the fourth leading cause of death from malignancy in the United Kingdom.
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The authors thus concluded that the excess mortality noted for gastric cancer was probably related to socioeconomic class rather than coal mining.
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It has been suggested that gastric cancer which occurs in some manual workers is occupation related.
carcinoma
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A recent review confirmed the increase in risk of developing a gastric carcinoma after gastric resection.
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There is also evidence to support a role as a risk factor for gastric carcinoma .
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Discussion A decrease in the incidence of gastric carcinoma has been widely reported over the last three decades.
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This increased incidence of gastric carcinomas seems to be related to local factors.
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The experience of partial gastrectomy indicates that the time required for de novo growth of gastric carcinoma is about 15 years.
contents
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One of the lumens was used to drain the gastric contents by siphonage.
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Several factors are responsible for recurrent exposure of the distal oesophagus to gastric contents and the subsequent development of reflux oesophagitis.
emptying
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The faster gastric emptying after treatment is not unexpected.
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Psyllium significantly delayed gastric emptying from the third hour after a meal.
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For patients with postoperative dumping or diarrhoea it is prudent to assess gastric emptying before starting remedial surgery.
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In this study, we found that in obese patients psyllium moderately but significantly delays gastric emptying of a solid meal.
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Thus, a radiograph six hours after meal intake showing incomplete gastric emptying of markers indicates delayed gastric emptying.
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There was no significant difference in gastric emptying between the two groups.
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Studies in rats have shown that bile salts inhibit gastric emptying and prolongs intestinal transit time.
flu
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I think I've got gastric flu .
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Withdrawal from heroin, usually described in lurid nightmare language, is actually like a severe attack of gastric flu .
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Perhaps it was just gastric flu .
gland
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It does, however, express histamine H 2 receptors, which are pharmacologically indistinguishable from those on human gastric glands .
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The larval stages occur in the gastric glands and can only be seen microscopically following processing of the gastric mucosa.
juice
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It is concluded that successful eradication of H pylori improves secretion of vitamin C into gastric juice .
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The stomach is mostly empty-the whisky is lying in a shallow pool where it is now mixed with highly acidic gastric juices .
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A positive correlation was observed between the gastric juice ammonium and severity of gastritis.
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This is expressed as concentration of tyrosine, and it occurs by dilution of the gastric juices by the food.
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The significance of platelet activating factor in the gastric juice of healthy humans is still difficult to analyse.
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The gastric juice was collected by gentle manual aspiration during 135 minutes.
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Peptic ulcers are produced by the self-destruction of the gut wall by pepsin and hydrochloric acid in gastric juice .
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Up to seven layers are necessary to prevent the gastric juices from dis solving the package.
lesion
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A repeated endoscopy and biopsy specimens of the gastric lesions showed no change.
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The endoscopic aspect of the gastric lesions was clearly suggestive of malignancy in only half the patients.
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Case 1 was the only patient who had gastric lesions , all lesions since have been ileal.
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The animals were anaesthetised three hours later and gastric blood flow and area of gastric lesions were measured as previously described.
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The stomach was then removed and the number of gastric lesions were counted.
lymphoma
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Involvement of other mucosal sites preceded, coincided with, or followed the manifestations of the gastric lymphoma .
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In one female patient, the body ulcer was later identified as a gastric lymphoma and surgical resection was done.
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A gastric lymphoma developed in the fourth patient seven years after radiotherapy treatment for Hodgkin's disease.
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A panel of monoclonal antibodies were used to characterise the gastric lymphoma in all 50 patients who had undergone surgery.
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This observation illustrates the usefulness of endosonography in the staging of low grade gastric lymphoma .
metaplasia
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H pylori positive gastritis, and the combination of active duodenitis and gastric metaplasia were independent predictors of duodenal ulceration.
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On logistic regression, the presence and extent of gastric metaplasia was not significantly associated with H pylori infection.
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In 79% of the biopsy specimens there was concurrence over the grading of the extent of gastric metaplasia .
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Only in two cases was a difference of more than one grade in the extent of gastric metaplasia found.
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So far, no prospective study has been performed to investigate the natural history of gastric metaplasia .
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According to previous studies, gastric metaplasia is an almost constant finding in patients with duodenal ulceration.
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But gastric metaplasia may also develop as a non-specific response to mucosal injury not associated with acid peptic damage.
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An important problem in the detection of gastric metaplasia is its patchy distribution.
mucosa
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Perhaps the most striking finding in the present study was the histological analysis of the gastric mucosa surrounding the tumour.
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Secondly, stimulation of capsaicin sensitive neurones in the stomach enhances the resistance of the gastric mucosa against experimentally imposed damage.
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Meye etal reported that tight junctions in the canine gastric mucosa were significantly damaged by exposure to aspirin.
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A opportunity arose from a primary study of proliferation in gastric malignancy to investigate BrdUrd labelled gastric mucosa .
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Prostaglandins are well recognised as protecting the gastric mucosa and enhancing the perception of pain.
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Furthermore, the state of the gastric mucosa was not described.
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Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by NSAIDs is the major established mechanism by which NSAIDs render the gastric mucosa vulnerable to mucosal injury.
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Prominent among the protective mechanisms that are controlled by nociceptive neurones is the microcirculation of the gastric mucosa .
secretion
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Cisapride does not affect gastric secretion either in animals or man.
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This increase in gastric secretion showed a positive correlation to the total number of cigarettes smoked.
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Over the years there have been many studies of the effects of smoking on gastric secretion .
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Many studies can be discounted since they have used unnatural smoking protocols, or basal or maximal gastric secretion as a plateau.
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There are no studies on the effect of acute alcohol intake on gastric secretion in the chronic alcoholic patient.
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One and a half years later gastroscopy showed some slight fasting gastric secretion .
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The acute response to nicotine in these chronically treated rats was a significant decrease in gastric secretion .
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In man, nicotine given parenterally has been shown to have an acute inhibitory action on the gastric secretion .
surgery
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The cause for this is not clear but one factor could be the higher proportion of miners who had had gastric surgery .
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Patients with previous oesophageal or gastric surgery were excluded from the study.
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Previous gastric surgery was uncommon in all three groups and showed no significant difference.
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Previous gastric surgery was not a feature of our tumour group as has been suggested by previous studies.
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Persistant pain is often reported after gastric surgery and management is difficult.
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Conversely, operations that divert bile away from the stomach will ameliorate dysplastic features induced by previous gastric surgery .
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None of these patients had had previous gastric surgery .
ulcer
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In addition, our data indicate genetic heterogeneity of gastric ulcer disease.
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Eighty unrelated controls, 61 patients with gastric ulcer , and 57 patients with duodenal ulcer were studied.
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Kurata etal reported that duodenal ulcers were diagnosed 2.5 times more frequently than gastric ulcers in Los Angeles, California.
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Therefore, additional evidence clearly pointing to a causal relation between H pylori infection and gastric ulcer disease has to be provided.
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Thus, in addition to duodenal ulcer disease, H pylori eradication may also cure gastric ulcer disease.
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The patients with gastric ulcer had significantly fewer gap junctions than did the healthy volunteers.
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There are few data concerning the role of anti- H pylori treatment in gastric ulcer disease.
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Six patients had gastric ulcers and five had duodenal ulcers.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
gastric/digestive juice(s)
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A positive correlation was observed between the gastric juice ammonium and severity of gastritis.
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Can gastric juice ascorbic acid secretion be restored by eradication of H pylori?
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Peptic ulcers are produced by the self-destruction of the gut wall by pepsin and hydrochloric acid in gastric juice .
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Soon the mere noise of the bell would start their digestive juices running.
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The gastric juice was collected by gentle manual aspiration during 135 minutes.
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The stomach is mostly empty-the whisky is lying in a shallow pool where it is now mixed with highly acidic gastric juices .
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They crush their victim in their pincers, but feed by injecting digestive juices and sucking the prey dry.
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This is expressed as concentration of tyrosine, and it occurs by dilution of the gastric juices by the food.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
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Finally Aluminium Hydroxide/Magnesium Hydroxide is administered orally, as a neutralizer of gastric hydrochloric acid.
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Gastrin is a gut hormone produced by G cells located in the gastric antrum.
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H pylori positive gastritis, and the combination of active duodenitis and gastric metaplasia were independent predictors of duodenal ulceration.
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In association with endocrine cell hyperplasia, gastric carcinoid tumours have been observed in 1-7% of pernicious anaemia patients screened by gastroscopy.
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It has long been known that pernicious anaemia predisposes to development of gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Oral aspirin is difficult if the patient is nauseated and vomiting and the opiate given to relieve pain may delay gastric motility.
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Peptic ulcer is a convenient term which covers both gastric and duodenal ulcers.
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There was no significant difference in gastric emptying between the two groups.