noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a cancer/infection spreads (= in someone’s body )
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The cancer had spread to his brain.
a chest infection
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Every time I get a cold I get a chest infection too.
a virus infection
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The fever was caused by a virus infection.
viral infection
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a viral infection
yeast infection
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
acute
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Other groups with possible relative deficiency would be those with malabsorption and acute or chronic infection .
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The rare acute infection shows dyspnoea and violent cough, with white-yellow, occasionally bloody, sputum.
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Taylor suggests that in more than 50% of cases of acute H pylori infection , hypochlorhydria lasts for several weeks.
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The amount of diarrhoea in acute cholera infection is also very variable.
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This gave way to an acute infection of the liver, and on 9 February, 1883, he died.
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Survivors not treated with acyclovir often report significant neurological deterioration over the years after the acute onset of infection .
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In contrast, an IgG and IgA response to this antigen has been reported in children with acute infection .
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By contrast, we found no reduction in deaths attributed to acute lower respiratory infections in the vitamin-A-supplemented group.
bacterial
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Several cases of spontaneous remission in acute leukaemia have been described in association with bacterial or viral infections .
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One caterpillar was mushy, presumably the victim of a virus or bacterial infection .
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Bacterial and Viral Infections Foals can suffer a variety of bacterial or viral infections in the first fourteen days of life.
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Goizueta had been released from the hospital Sept. 22 but was re-admitted last week because of a bacterial throat infection .
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Its almost miraculous effectiveness in controlling and reversing an otherwise lethal bacterial infection in mice was demonstrated in Oxford in the 1940s.
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For many years, doctors believed that the lower temperature could reduce the chance of bacterial growth and infection .
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No correlation was found between lysozyme content and resistance to bacterial infection .
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Before this, childhood brain lesions were often due to the uncontrolled spread of bacterial infections .
chronic
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Other groups with possible relative deficiency would be those with malabsorption and acute or chronic infection .
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Examples include patients with chronic infections , inflammation, malignancies, and liver disease.
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Many of these diseases take the form of persistent or chronic infections .
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Mild hypercalcemia has been reported in chronic infections such as tuberculosis and some fungal diseases.
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There were no IgA antibodies to Giardia heat shock antigen, however, in any of these children with chronic infection .
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In addition, these patients with chronic infection unlike those who clear the infection have no IgA response to Giardia heat shock antigen.
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Little is known of the fundamental aspects of the immunology of chronic infection versus acute infection in giardiasis.
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Hypogammaglobulinemia and depressed IgG to surface antigens of Giardia have been suggested as factors contributing to chronic infection .
fungal
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This greyish film can be mistaken for fungal infection .
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This is a fungal infection of the brain.
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By mixing the varieties intimately within the field, the spread of a fungal infection can be drastically slowed.
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Bacterial and fungal infections almost always occur at the site of an earlier wound.
heavy
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The principal clinical signs in heavy infections are rapid weight loss and diarrhoea.
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Successive progeny from the same dam often shown heavy infections .
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In heavy experimental infections the most severe signs have appeared at 6-12 weeks after infection when egg-laying is maximal.
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In these, migration through the lungs in heavy infections may result in pneumonia and death.
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In heavy infections there may be severe cirrhosis and ascites and, in rare cases, liver failure and death.
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However in heavy infections coughing is marked, and is accompanied by dyspnoea and nasal discharge.
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Plasma pepsinogen levels are above the normal of 1.0 i.u. tyrosine and usually exceed 2.0 i.u. in sheep with heavy infections .
hiv
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According to the World Health Organization, 80,000 to 160,000 HIV infections occur annually through unsafe injections.
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Y., a poor and urban community with one of the highest rates of HIV infection in the United States.
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In some villages HIV infection is cited as the main reason for girls not finishing their education.
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Another is to portray HIV infection as not such a terrible thing.
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Until 1997, there were just eight known cases of HIV infection in Tver.
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Immediate treatment has reduced the incidence of HIV infections in this group by as much as 79 percent.
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Blood banks have routinely screened for HIV infection since 1985, when the first blood tests for the virus became available.
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Yet paradoxically, so did the prevalence of HIV infection .
human
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Most human infections are associated with exposure to aquatic environments or to recent consumption of seafood.
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Potential sources of human infections change as society evolves.
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New approaches need to be developed to contain this epizootic and prevent human infections .
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Epidemiologic evidence showing that human papillomavirus infection causes most cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
mild
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We are told this was caused by a mild kidney infection .
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If left untreated, it can cause a mild infection in the baby when it is born.
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In mild to moderate infections , there are no clinical signs during the pulmonary phase of larval migration.
new
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In some parts of the world new infections are rising almost off the scale.
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After that, the rate of new infections has no place to go but down.
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The third, fourth and fifth weeks of the 1967 outbreak saw the numbers of new infections climb most steeply.
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As this happens, the rate of new infections has to slow.
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The move to care for people with mental health problems in the community presents new infection control challenges. 2.
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In the hospital, I got new infections .
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At that point new infections can begin to rise again.
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Yet this strategy, too, runs the risk of increasing rather than decreasing new infections .
opportunistic
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Mortality is 3-4%, mainly owing to opportunistic infections and pulmonary emboli.
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Those on triple combination also had half as many incidents of cancers or opportunistic infections and were generally healthier.
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Four out of five recent trials reported that incidence of life-threatening opportunistic infections did not rise despite the potential immunosuppressive actions of corticosteroids.
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She was horrified to see how quickly the opportunistic infection took hold.
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Prevention of opportunistic infections could provide both individual and public-health benefits.
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This was in 1990, and I had opportunistic infections , OIs as they are called.
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A year ago John Holman was near death, an opportunistic infection ravaging his intestines.
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Diabetes predisposes the patient to fungus or other opportunistic infections involving the intracranial contents.
other
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They may catch other infections such as measles or chicken-pox, with serious consequences due to their deficient immune system.
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The same applies to influenza and many other infections .
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When the skin is damaged other infections can take hold more easily.
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Constant exposure to seawater, far from having a healing effect, actually caused boils and other skin infections .
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Do not do dressings if you have a cold, cough or any other infection .
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As with all the sexually transmitted diseases, the possibility of other concurrent infection must be considered and excluded.
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The person who is tonguing could catch other infections from this activity, such as gonorrhoea.
primary
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Most reports describe primary HIV-1 infection among groups other than misusers of intravenous drugs.
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It characteristically occurs many years after the primary infection and has protean manifestations in addition to the gait ataxia.
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Symptomatic, primary HIV-1 infection is generally characterised by a mononucleosis-like illness, with or without aseptic meningitis.
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But the odds seem somewhat lower than they were during primary infection .
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Diarrhoea occurs coincident with emergence about a week after primary infection and up to one year after reinfection.
pylori
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One explanation for this finding would be that H pylori infection is acquired by people throughout their lives.
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Taylor suggests that in more than 50% of cases of acute H pylori infection , hypochlorhydria lasts for several weeks.
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Most investigators have observed that H pylori infection causes a greater percentage increase in the postprandial gastrin than fasting gastrin.
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H pylori infection was eradicated in 32 patients and persisted in 18 patients.
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H pylori infection was a strong predictor of ulcer recurrences.
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Increased basal serum gastrin is related to both atrophy and H pylori infection but not to ageing perse.
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The mechanism by which H pylori infection stimulates the release of G17 is not known.
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The strong association between antral tumours and chronic active gastritis suggests the possibility that H pylori infection may have a pathogenic role.
respiratory
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As part of our management we advised parents to avoid, when possible, their child's exposure to respiratory infections .
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Everybody from here to Wesley and back has upper respiratory infections .
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Subjects - 256 Infants and children under 3 years of age with symptoms of respiratory infection .
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People who develop meningococcal meningitis may have a preceding upper respiratory infection .
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Systems of treatment based on simple clinical signs have been developed and validated for the management of respiratory infections .
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It can be triggered by viruses, including those that cause upper respiratory infections , such as the influenza virus.
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With further respiratory tract infections there remains a tendency to impaired hearing, but this is transient.
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We are not aware of reports from developing countries of the outcome of hypoxaemia in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection .
severe
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In severe infections , diarrhoea is the most prominent clinical sign.
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In severe infections the entire body will be covered with the parasites, and the fishes will appear almost white.
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The youngsters had a severe chest infection when he arrived ten days ago which delayed treatment.
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The main cause of death is the destruction of the gut lining, which results in severe infection .
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Once in a while some one has such a severe throat infection that they form a large boil behind the tonsils.
urinary
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If there is any pain or a burning sensation, tell the doctor, just in case you have a urinary infection .
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Our Tom lets Coffey put his hand on his nether regions to cure his urinary infection !
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It is now doubtful whether urinary tract infection has any role to play in the production of this renal lesion.
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Nine percent of patients had at least one urinary tract infection .
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Sometimes a urinary tract infection is associated with this condition so treatment with antibiotics can help.
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It therefore had only a limited use in the oral short term therapy of urinary tract infections .
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There is also a connection between day wetting and urinary infections .
viral
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Several cases of spontaneous remission in acute leukaemia have been described in association with bacterial or viral infections .
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One of Davis' sisters, Patty, died at age 10 of a viral blood infection .
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Your Blue Ring Angel is suffering from a viral infection called Lymphocystis.
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Headaches due to viral infections may be accompanied by fever, muscle aches, and malaise.
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Bacterial and Viral Infections Foals can suffer a variety of bacterial or viral infections in the first fourteen days of life.
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In some cases, these can be treated with antibiotics, which are useless against viral infections like influenza and colds.
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Newly imported Angelfish sometimes suffer from a viral infection called Lymphocystis.
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Such a trigger could be a viral infection or a traumatic life event, says Lane.
■ NOUN
chest
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A sick Gooch should not have played in Calcutta with a debilitating virus which developed into a chest infection .
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They include poor growth, recurrent chest infections , chronic diarrhoea and skin infections.
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She had been admitted suffering from a chest infection .
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A chest infection turned into pneumonia.
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The commonest symptom is a persistent cough, with frequent bouts of chest infection .
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The youngsters had a severe chest infection when he arrived ten days ago which delayed treatment.
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The Castleford star took medicine for a throat and chest infection before the second Test in Auckland.
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Because there's a constant risk of chest infection , antibiotics are usually given at the first sign of a temperature.
control
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Infection control policy An infection control policy should be available to staff, emphasising he importance of the safe disposal of sharps.
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Call that hospital and speak with the infection control nurse.
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Not only hospitals require an infection control policy.
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Similar efforts are needed to promote the appropriate use of antimicrobial drugs and infection control procedures in nursing homes.
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Careful planning of facilities, writing of infection control policies and staff training ensures continuity of care and is cost-effective.
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The move to care for people with mental health problems in the community presents new infection control challenges. 2.
ear
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Ears and nose produce a horrible, stinking, green discharge; ear infection with rupture and suppuration.
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The single-dose ceftriaxone treatment has not yet been approved for ear infections by the Food and Drug Administration.
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The best approach is to use acute remedies as soon as the ear infection starts.
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In fact, an ear infection alone can cause sudden severe pain as fluid builds up in the middle ear.
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She had an ear infection and she told the doctor, but it was the first I'd heard of it.
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A lingering ear infection got him grounded.
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Hepar may be needed after Mercurius. Ear infections with a bloody, purulent, cheesy smelling discharge and sticking pains.
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Take care to be gentle, since these ear infections are intensely irritating and painful.
lung
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He contracted a lung infection which did not respond to treatment.
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Loi promised to keep warm, and Joe started him on a course of antibiotics to try to clear the lung infection .
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Only in the last two weeks had the malaise set in, ever since his lung infection had taken hold.
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Meanwhile Davis continued to suffer with a string of health problems, including lung infections and a hip replacement.
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Garlic's reputation for curing colds and lung infections has also gained orthodox medical recognition.
rate
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Explants showed excellent preservation of crypt architecture, with an infection rate and crypt necrosis rate of less than 1%.
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It has managed to keep its infection rate below 2 %.
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However, even a 10 % infection rate is a total disaster for any society.
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Hepatitis B has become a hyper-epidemic with a 60 % infection rate .
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Then, suddenly, infection rates will drop fast.
throat
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Last year in London's Kilburn National he gargled his way through an entire set with a bad throat infection .
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Goizueta had been released from the hospital Sept. 22 but was re-admitted last week because of a bacterial throat infection .
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This complete category of woe would suggest a bacterial throat infection needing antibiotics.
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Indeed, he was a sickly child, succumbing with monotonous regularity to ear and throat infections .
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Laura has a strain and Grant a throat infection .
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Once in a while some one has such a severe throat infection that they form a large boil behind the tonsils.
tract
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With further respiratory tract infections there remains a tendency to impaired hearing, but this is transient.
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Gastrointestinal tract infections 1, 377 0. 6&038;.
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It is now doubtful whether urinary tract infection has any role to play in the production of this renal lesion.
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Gastrointestinal tract infections 985 0. 4&038;.
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We are not aware of reports from developing countries of the outcome of hypoxaemia in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection .
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Are women getting education and treatment for reproductive tract infections ?
virus
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This rules out the possibility that autoantibodies are merely a consequence of hepatitis C virus infection .
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This resurgence of measles disease underscored the need for new assays to characterize measles virus infections .
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When the disk is found to be free from a virus infection it is given an electronic signature code.
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He is suffering from an ankle injury and a virus infection .
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But some virus infections can follow another path, other than the acute cycle of replication.
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The mechanism responsible for secretion or intracellular retention of pre-S peptides in chronic hepatitis B virus infection is uncertain.
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There is at present no reliable marker to determine whether autoimmunity or hepatitis C virus infection is the major disease process.
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Over half the patients who acquire acute hepatitis C virus infection develop chronic hepatitis.
yeast
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Recurrent oral and vaginal yeast infections occurred in two patients receiving cyclosporin and oral thrush occurred in one patient receiving placebo.
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Well, there are jokes about yeast infections , frostbite, liver transplants and cereal variety packs.
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Thrush Thrush is caused by a yeast infection .
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For example, yogurt has been shown to reduce yeast infections in women.
■ VERB
acquire
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The other two women had negative results at baseline and acquired infections that had persisted for 36 months at time of biopsy.
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Such networks may also provide a more effective means for monitoring occupationally acquired infections in hospital and laboratory personnel.
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The more often that this happens, the more likely is any individual to acquire infection .
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Horses are thought to acquire infection mainly from pastures contaminated by donkeys during the summer months.
associate
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Most instances have been associated with infection , blood transfusion, or termination of pregnancy.
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Of these 10 patients, seven had no symptoms classically associated with tuberculous infection .
cause
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Such changes, when caused by trichomonal infection , are rapidly reversible with anti-protozoal treatment.
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Unlike necrotizing fasciitis, the toxic shock caused by strep infection was virtually unheard of 10 years ago.
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It's tempting to squeeze but by doing so you can cause infection and scarring.
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The other camp thought we were there to hurt people on purpose, to cause infections and maim people.
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If left untreated, it can cause a mild infection in the baby when it is born.
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This process, known as animal recycling, causes a low-level infection to become dramatically amplified.
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Their importance, like that of cytomegalovirus, lies in their propensity for causing serious perinatal infection .
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It can be triggered by viruses, including those that cause upper respiratory infections , such as the influenza virus.
develop
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A sick Gooch should not have played in Calcutta with a debilitating virus which developed into a chest infection .
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Three of the disulfiram implanted patients developed wound infections .
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Jonadab always relied on the leaves for treating any horse which developed an infection or chill in the bladder.
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After an unsafe and unsanitary procedure, Rosie developed a raging infection .
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Subjects who developed a symptomatic infection of the upper respiratory tract were retested while ill and again one month later when asymptomatic.
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Now he's in the Churchill Hospital after developing an infection .
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Possibly she had pulled her stitches, or had developed an infection in them.
emerge
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The plan is a first step in addressing the threats to health in the United States posed by emerging infections .
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Expand the use of Sentinel Surveillance Networks to complement other surveillance methods for detecting and monitoring emerging infections .
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These foundations support the infrastructure needed to address the ongoing, but often changing, threats from emerging infections .
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Our vulnerability to emerging infections was dramatically demonstrated in 1993.
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Clearly, emerging infections can affect people everywhere, regardless of lifestyle, cultural or ethnic background, or socioeconomic status.
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Current systems that monitor infectious diseases domestically and internationally are inadequate to confront the present and future challenges of emerging infections .
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Better understanding of animal reservoirs and vectors of infectious agents is important in anticipating and controlling emerging infections .
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Evaluate vaccine efficacy and the costs and benefits of vaccination programs for emerging infections .
fight
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Leslie's body was fighting off an infection known as toxoplasmosis.
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They also provide some zinc, helpful to the immune system for fighting infection , and a wide array of B vitamins.
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That's enough to provide 100 antibiotic tablets to fight infections and sufficient vaccine to protect four children from polio for life.
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Meanwhile I was to fight off infection .
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When white blood cells are damaged, your ability to fight off infections is reduced.
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These antibodies remain, ready to fight a true infection .
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This virus affects the body's defence system so that it can not fight infection .
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Normally white blood cells fight off and kill infections .
increase
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Vascular access may increase the risk of infection but cannulas are not usually colonised by organisms originating in the gut.
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These populations are at increased risk for emerging infections , and their medical management is complex and costly.
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It also can increase the chance of infection .
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There have been conflicting reports concerning the form of gastrin that is increased in H pylori infection .
occur
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If a further infection occurs in some one who has already suffered from scabies, the course of events may be very different.
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About 8, 500 new infections occur daily with one of ten known subtypes.
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But the charity stresses that infection can occur on first contact with an infected partner or needle.
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Women get kidney stones most often during that same age period as a result of an infection that occurs with pregnancy.
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In lambs, patent infections first occur in early summer, but the heaviest infections are usually seen in autumn.
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A second weakness is that even when infection does occur , illness is postponed for many years, perhaps even decades.
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Bacterial and fungal infections almost always occur at the site of an earlier wound.
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An alternative explanation is that familial infection is occurring from a point source.
prevent
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It is therefore vital to control fleas if you are to prevent infection by this species of tapeworm.
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Mackowiak theorizes that this evolved to quickly kill badly infected organisms to prevent epidemic infection within species.
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In hospital Andrew suffered serious side-effects when he was given a drug to prevent infection .
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Activities i. Determine which behaviors prevent or foster emerging infections and how to promote or discourage these behaviors.
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The rash application of strong antiseptic solutions to prevent or ward off infection is another rare cause of urethritis.
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Alexander said that careful personal hygiene and good eating habits are the best ways to prevent infection .
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The wounds of both eyes and rootstocks should be dusted with charcoal or sulphur to help prevent infection .
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Flu shots can not prevent infection with other viruses.
reduce
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It would seem reasonable to assume that measures aimed at treating calculi in these patients may reduce the frequency of infection .
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But there is a third strategy that might reduce infection in relationships.
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Zoos have been advised by the Ministry of Agriculture to take steps to reduce the risk of infection .
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For example, yogurt has been shown to reduce yeast infections in women.
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In the past decade attention has turned towards selective decontamination of the gut in an attempt to reduce these nosocomial infections .
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Babies are being infected, and available drugs could reduce the rate of infection .
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This reduces the risk of infection - it doesn't eliminate it.
show
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In the first incident, it still has not been shown that the infection derived from inside the hospital.
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For example, yogurt has been shown to reduce yeast infections in women.
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Successive progeny from the same dam often shown heavy infections .
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Epidemiologic evidence showing that human papillomavirus infection causes most cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
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The results showed that an infection was present which was sensitive to ampicillin.
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It also shows that the infection increases both basal and stimulated acid secretion.
spread
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But these dangerous people-they can spread the infection without knowing it-are very few indeed.
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Because mucous can contain viruses and bacteria, it can spread infections to others.
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The speed of modern communications would spread the infection all over the world within days.
suffer
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Your Blue Ring Angel is suffering from a viral infection called Lymphocystis.
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Many suffered from infections and disease.
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She had been admitted suffering from a chest infection .
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At other times, he suffered serious infections and pneumonia and became very depressed.
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Newly imported Angelfish sometimes suffer from a viral infection called Lymphocystis.
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Several were suffering from diarrhoea or infections .
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Three rats in the low fibre diet group suffered from middle ear infections and were removed from the study.
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They frequently suffer chest infections and have a low life expectancy.
transmit
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This is not to say that such a person can not transmit infection .
treat
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While interferon production was certainly induced by this compound its efficacy in treating viral infections bas so far been disappointing.
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Loi felt very unwell, and Joe was trying to treat the infection with a different type of antibiotic.
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The injection is not a conventional vaccine as it treats the infection rather than being used as a preventive measure.
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The second is to treat the infection promptly when discovered.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
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If you don't clean the wound properly you could get an infection .
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Roz was suffering from a throat infection and could hardly talk.
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The antibiotic ointment will prevent infection .
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
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Diseases and infections were spread through poor sanitary conditions and efforts were slowly made to combat this.
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I then got a bad infection in my left eye which my doctor suggested was due to the contact lens.
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If the infection is unchecked, peritonitis may follow and gonorrhoea becomes a life-threatening emergency.
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Maternal infection can result in fetal infection and damage and is estimated to occur in 0-1-0-5% of pregnancies in the United Kingdom.
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Men have brought infection home to their wives, and the disease has penetrated the entire society.
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Rheumatic fever as a child, so the infection settled there, on the weakest spot.
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Secondly they act on E coli, bacteria responsible for the vast majority of urine infections.
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The principal clinical signs in heavy infections are rapid weight loss and diarrhoea.