noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a chain of atoms/molecules etc technical:
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Most fabrics are made of long chains of molecules.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
complex
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Indeed, many of the complex molecules of which they are composed would be liable to fall apart.
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One idea that has been suggested is that the precursors of life - complex organic molecules - arrived here from outer space.
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We know, too, that meteorites often do contain complex organic molecules .
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They contain complex organic molecules; but they are not just bundles of organic molecules.
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All the different complex organic molecules work together to form the entire organism.
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None the less, simple systems are widely used to do abinitio calculations accurate enough to answer important questions for reasonably complex molecules .
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Once self-replication had got under way molecules could pile on other more complex molecules in a loose association.
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For more complex molecules in whose spectra vibrational detail is not resolved, assignments are difficult to make.
different
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Since different molecules absorb different colours, this microscope can be used to make a microscopic chemical analysis of the surface.
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Indeed, no relationship between the vibration frequencies of different molecules is logically necessary.
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The new separator relies on electrophoresis: different molecules are pulled off in different directions toward positive or negative electrodes.
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All the different complex organic molecules work together to form the entire organism.
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Families of cell adhesion molecules Many different cell adhesion molecules have been described.
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Sometimes, different protein molecules will fit together, like the pieces of a three-dimensional jigsaw, to form larger-scale structures.
large
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This is because of the large number of molecules involved.
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More modern laser techniques allow much more subtle experiments to be applied to both small and large unstable molecules in flow systems.
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This breaking down of the large molecules to smaller ones is the job of enzymes.
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Proteins are strings of 20 kinds of amino acids, which usually fold up to form a large globular molecule .
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It trapped inside the cell the building blocks of raw materials such as amino acids which were converted into larger molecules .
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This early form of life was probably a large molecule .
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More importantly the larger molecules manufactured inside the cell were later to be called the dna.
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What were needed, and gradually emerged between 1900 and 1940, were technical methods for investigating large molecules .
linear
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This consists, basically, of, in other words it is a linear long-chain molecule much like Figure 7.
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For all but linear molecules , external molecular motions - 3 translations and 3 rotations - account for 6 of these.
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A linear molecule has only two rotations, and so it has 3N - 5 vibrational modes.
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A simple case is that of the linear molecule .
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Again linear symmetrical molecules are best.
organic
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Chemists now know how to make most organic molecules in the laboratory, but the name has stuck.
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One idea that has been suggested is that the precursors of life - complex organic molecules - arrived here from outer space.
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Tannins, another kind of organic molecule , are used in the oil industry to make muds easier to drill.
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When this happened, say Hoyle and Wickramasinghe, the organic molecules within the comets were spewed out over the land.
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We know, too, that meteorites often do contain complex organic molecules .
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Geologists believe that oil and coal are composed of organic molecules because they themselves are derived from living things.
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None of these organic molecules shows evidence of originating from living matter.
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But although organic molecules are the essential components of modern living things, they can not in isolation be considered living.
other
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Normally the forces from one molecule are counterbalanced by equal attraction by other molecules but at an interface the forces become unbalanced.
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The range of distances found for the other four molecules is given in parentheses.
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Once self-replication had got under way molecules could pile on other more complex molecules in a loose association.
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Ethylene is the feedstock from which other molecules are built by the chemical industry.
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Each then acts as a template to which other simpler molecules become attached until each has once more become a double helix.
simple
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The root mean square speeds of some simple molecules are shown in table 3.2.
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In fact, they are rather simple molecules , the structure of which has long been known.
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All of them ultimately start out as two very simple molecules , carbon dioxide and water.
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Each then acts as a template to which other simpler molecules become attached until each has once more become a double helix.
single
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At this scale, a single ethanol molecule is roughly the size of a corpulent Labrador retriever.
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Chapter 2 presents a concise description of near-field imaging and spectroscopy of single molecules on solid surfaces.
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A single enzyme molecule can make many millions of single isomer product molecules per minute in a chemical reactor.
small
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LabVision features interactive 3D building and editing of small molecules as well as proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.
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The smaller sized molecules can slip in between the larger ones.
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These give only limited vibrational information, and then only for small molecules .
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Amino-acid sequencing is limited to smaller molecules , for example the endogenous opioid met-enkephalin with a molecular weight of 573.
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Both are chains of small molecules called nucleotides.
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This process is particularly effective where small molecules are involved, for the band-shapes and vibrational structure are often characteristic.
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The fluidity of liquids consisting of large molecules is lower than those consisting of small molecules.
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The smaller molecule acids are soluble in water.
solvent
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Sometimes specific intermolecular complexes are formed, either between two sample molecules or between sample and solvent molecules.
■ NOUN
adhesion
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Flexibility and the location of ligand-binding sites close to the top of adhesion molecules may be a general feature of their organization.
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Special molecules called adhesion molecules guide the migration of developing neurons and help them to make stable connections to other neurons.
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This suggests a possible tumour suppressor function for this cell adhesion molecule .
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However, the final, as yet small, family of cell adhesion molecules bind to carbohydrates.
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An altered expression of such adhesion molecules may influence the aggressiveness of local infiltrative growth and metastasis in human cancers.
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Families of cell adhesion molecules Many different cell adhesion molecules have been described.
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Cell adhesion and disease adhesion molecule deficiency A number of rare diseases result from defects in adhesion molecules.
dna
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It replicates itself, making two DNA molecules where before there was one; and it makes protein.
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After all, the DNA molecule is one continuous chain of bases, and without punctuation, the code would be nonsensical.
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We have seen that DNA molecules are the centre of a spectacular information technology.
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In fact, only about five per cent of each DNA molecule actually provides any meaningful code.
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In cell division the spiral appears, as well as in the DNA molecule in the cell nucleus.
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The messages that DNA molecules contain are all but eternal when seen against the time scale of individual lifetimes.
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These four bases provide the only source of variation in the DNA molecule .
protein
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They are smaller molecules than proteins , so they have to become attached to a protein molecule before they are activated.
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One experiment produced crystals of protein molecules that drug company researchers believe could advance the development of antiviral drugs.
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These slightly altered protein molecules are mass-produced by the protein-making machines inside the developing brain cells.
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The antibodies are protein molecules that can fit on to an allergen and inactivate it.
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Some protein molecules are simply too large for microbes to handle.
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Research has however shown that in terms of the arrangement of the protein molecules this model is no longer accurate.
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Synthesizing any new protein molecule from scratch takes a matter of minutes.
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Sometimes, different protein molecules will fit together, like the pieces of a three-dimensional jigsaw, to form larger-scale structures.
receptor
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The receptor molecules are conduits for information, with one end outside the cell and the other inside.
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When the right neurotransmitter docks with the appropriate receptor , the physical structure of the receptor molecule changes.
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More messages make them more active, and more likely to add phosphate to receptor molecules .
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The neurotransmitter sticks to the receptor molecule , and together they are able to open a pore in the cell membrane.
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The result is fewer receptor molecules .
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There are at least two types of postsynaptic channels that open up when glutamate binds to their receptor molecules .
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Before a virus can infect an animal cell it must first bind to specific receptor molecules embedded in the cell membrane.
water
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Tritium's radiation passes easily into the human body because it is carried by water molecules .
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This charge meshes nicely with the slight positive charge on one side of water molecules .
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The wax molecules carry no charge and repel water molecules, which are charged.
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Hence when a current is applied, the positively charged ions move toward the cathode carrying water molecules with them.
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Light energy from the sun is absorbed by the chlorophyll in the leaves and the water molecules are split.
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That is because there are small empty pockets around the water molecules .
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But not only water molecules will fit into these cavities.
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The tiny molecules of the salt fit into the spaces between the water molecules and do not take up extra space.
■ VERB
bind
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Before a virus can infect an animal cell it must first bind to specific receptor molecules embedded in the cell membrane.
contain
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We know, too, that meteorites often do contain complex organic molecules .
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They contain complex organic molecules; but they are not just bundles of organic molecules.
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Many organic binders contain molecules which fluoresce when excited by ultra-violet radiation.
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We will also see the development of health-promoting foods that contain specific fatty acid molecules .
form
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The sub-atomic particles are arranged to form the atoms, and different numbers, types and arrangements of atoms form the molecules .
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A second laser forms new molecules .
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Proteins are strings of 20 kinds of amino acids, which usually fold up to form a large globular molecule .
move
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A gas exerts pressure because its molecules are moving about rapidly and in random directions.
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As the molecules move and bump into adjacent molecules, they also move.
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It depends upon mobility; molecules moving from one part of the structure to another.
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As the molecules move and bump into adjacent molecules, they also move.
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Equally, the skin is pushed out in the direction that the molecule was first moving .
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The products of the reaction have a great deal of energy-their molecules are moving at very high speeds.
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The effect of raising the temperature is to make the individual molecules move faster, so that collisions can overcome the activation energy.
produce
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The developing round peas produce a vital molecule , called starch-branching enzyme, which builds up complex starch molecules from sugar.
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One experiment produced crystals of protein molecules that drug company researchers believe could advance the development of antiviral drugs.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
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a nitrogen molecule
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
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A steamy surf of spice-bearing molecules pumped out from the pots on the stove.
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Both equations are valid for molecules smaller than when the angular scattering is symmetrical.
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But ethanol molecules, because they are so small and stable, are immune to acidic destruction.
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By supplying addition molecules of chlorine it is possible to replace all the hydrogen atoms.
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Directly ahead you see a huge, globular molecule the size of a two-car garage.
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It can replicate because the specificity of base pairing ensures that the daughter molecules are identical to the original one.
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Other molecules, the happens, also generate an immune response.
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The alternative conformation extends away from the molecule , stabilized by crystal contacts.