adjective
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a rural area (= in the countryside )
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Schools in rural areas are often very small.
a rural community (= a community in a country area )
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There is a need for better public transport for people in rural communities.
a rural district (= in the countryside )
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There are few schools in the rural districts of Bangladesh.
a rural migrant (= someone who moves from a country area to a city )
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Rural migrants end up in the slums of Brasilia.
a rural/country craft (= done in the countryside )
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The museum contains exhibits of old rural crafts.
a rural/urban setting
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The research station is located in a rural setting.
a rural/urban/suburban existence (= life in the country/city/suburbs )
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The girls hated their drab suburban existence.
an agricultural/a rural economy (= one that is based mainly on farming )
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The early 1920s saw a rapid expansion in the American agricultural economy.
rural delivery
rural idyll
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a rural idyll
rural/industrial/urban etc landscape
the rural poor (= poor people who live in the countryside )
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Difficult economic conditions have driven millions of the rural poor to cities.
the rural population (= the people who live in the countryside )
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Agricultural reforms must address the needs of the rural population.
urban/rural poverty
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People come to the capital seeking to escape rural poverty.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ NOUN
affair
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Those organisations reflect interests from conservation to tourism, from business to rural affairs , and from education to art history.
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Yakovlev observed that state publications for 1922 from Gosizdat and Krasnaia Nov' included nothing on agricultural and rural affairs .
area
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This poses enormous problems for developing countries with severely limited educational resources, especially in the rural areas of those countries.
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Thomas's colorful history began years before with the tent shows that traveled the South bringing entertainment to rural areas .
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Some parents moved their children to rural areas to avoid the disruption and continue their schooling.
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The Klan firebombed black homes, churches, and schools in over one hundred towns and rural areas .
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In rural areas , however, literacy in any language was estimated to be only 20 percent.
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Burglaries may sound petty, but there are a lot of formerly rural areas that are being developed.
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Can he give any assurance about the future of such services in rural areas ?
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The attitudinal differences between northern and southern whites are most dramatic in smaller cities and rural areas , they say.
community
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Laura saw it as a project for saving jobs and therefore helping the survival of the rural community .
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The rest were either medical personnel or rural community development workers.
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In a topic on industrialisation one might look at the effect of industrialisation on a rural community without work.
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Castan o has promised to assassinate anyone who assists rural communities that are believed to support the rebels.
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The transformation of rural communities , therefore, has led to new social divisions.
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Its strong defence of farming interests is designed to win the support of the large rural community .
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Swaminathan is also encouraging rural communities to embrace new practices to improve farming.
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This was true of the industrial areas but also the rural communities which had ancient Catholic communities.
development
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The latter is increasingly seen as an important factor in rural development .
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Objective: Funding of rural development programmes, mainly for the poorest Third-World countries.
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A different but not exclusive approach is to insist upon a conservation element being included in most rural development projects.
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The central plank of the new policy was rural development .
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The Council argued the proposed change of operating centre on tree nursery land did not conform with rural development in that area.
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District councils controlled 73 percent of government funds allocated to rural development .
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There is however, no justification in making their establishment an essential pre-condition for initiating rural development programmes.
district
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Before the reorganisation by the 1972 Act, the parish was part of a rural district for local government purposes.
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No one living in a rural district can altogether escape the indirect power of these influences.
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District councils came into being as a result of the 1974 legislation which, interalia, abolished rural district councils.
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Parishes For local government purposes the parish had only existed within the boundaries of the former rural district councils.
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Li Changping, a rural district leader in Jianli county, said he wrote his letter with tears in his eyes.
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The district of Copeland includes the rural districts of Ennerdale and Millom where some of the greatest fall-out occurred.
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All rural districts witness the phenomenon of ` boy racers' who take each other on in secluded country lanes.
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In many rural districts provision was still patchy and enforcement of attendance sporadic.
economy
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Apart from agriculture, what are the other important elements in the rural economy ?
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The rural economy and domestic industry have developed quite far in Connecticut; the people there are happy.
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In the long term, seven to 10 years, most effects would be offset as the rural economy adjusted.
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An interesting feature of the rural economy is the way in which these sectoral employment changes are interlinked.
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Another feature of the rural economy is its relationship with urban labour markets.
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The stability of the rural economy may, inpart be dependent on the effects of climatic change.
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Farmers' activities, which are the backbone of the rural economy , are vital to the survival of whole communities.
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The other specific role of government in the rural economy has been the attempt to create jobs, mainly by fostering manufacturing.
environment
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To others it will be a rural environment which they are looking to protect.
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Their activities thus linked up with more general efforts to protect the rural environment .
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The regenerative technologies are beneficial for both farmers and rural environments .
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The possibilities for current and prospective changes in such policies are creating uncertainties over the future of the rural environment .
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One view is that rural manufacturing growth stems from the preferences of employers for rural environments .
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They are fighting for the protection of their largely rural environment .
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Their more rural environments have not only attracted people there for holidays and retirement, but also induced elements of industrial growth.
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In two senses the rural environment currently puts children at a disadvantage.
housing
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It follows that policies for rural housing do not consider the social implications which might result from their implementation.
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The danger is that current rural housing policies will produce a polarization of the rural population.
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During the 1970s the provision of rural housing for those who can not partake in the market sector has been pitiful.
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This classification is a useful starting point for the study of rural housing .
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The problems of rural housing went almost untouched.
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The crux of the tied cottage problem, it was argued, was the shortage of rural housing .
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The developments that have taken place in the rural housing market illustrate vividly the paradoxical nature of contemporary changes in village life.
landscape
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The second type of rural landscape is the traditional mixed farm ... but mechanised and often enlarged.
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Above the desk hung a rural landscape which I was able to recognize as the work of Mrs Nugent.
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On the walls, now, hung simple rural landscapes .
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Yet even here the actual extent to which the rural landscape was altered is considerably less than we might suppose.
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Much of our wildlife is gone, and rural landscapes impoverished.
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Colourful parasols dot its fine shingle beach and, inland, rolling rural landscapes await those who like to explore.
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Leapor's poems on rural landscape are among the earliest to register the conflicts associated with the enclosure movement.
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It looks out over a peaceful rural landscape .
life
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Their aim was to make rural life feasible and culturally viable.
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I can't say I don't miss the rural life , and ultimately I see myself in Napa Valley.
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The path pursued particularly matched the clergy's vision of the profanity of towns and sacrality of rural life .
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He rightly sought to disentangle the tiny farming industry from most of rural life .
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The image of a golden age is central both to Leapor's and to Goldsmith's treatment of rural life .
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But Sophie Ryder is a sculptor who finds artistic merit in the more mundane aspects of rural life .
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The hardships in the countryside in the 1930s were given an added bitterness by official rhetoric on the virtues of rural life .
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Moreover, they were largely deprived of the stability and continuity of traditional rural life .
people
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Therefore rural people have tended to have large surpluses extracted from them through low prices enforced by parastatal marketing boards.
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The issue facing the conscious planner is to devise a process which genuinely considers the interests of rural people .
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We can not afford to undervalue the traditional knowledge of rural people .
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The region, in 1930, had only three million inhabitants, and 70 percent of the rural people had no electricity.
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Lack of internal capital and entrepreneurial experience mean that rural people are often not able to take advantage of such opportunities.
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Efforts must be directed to stimulating latent creative abilities of rural people .
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As was to be expected, town dwellers were better informed than rural people .
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For the rural people of the Third World time is short.
population
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Pressure on the land mounted as the rural population swelled by some 25 Percent between 1877 and 1905.
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With rising rural population and the end of the cereal boom, farm wages away from industrial areas simply stagnated.
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Their access to education is even more limited than that of the rural population generally.
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The ever-increasing flow of scientific and technological advances is of little significance to a rural population living at or below subsistence level.
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But once the rural population became fully integrated into industrial work, capitalist societies have shown a markedly different development.
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For the rural population these policies could also be seen as the direct answer to its immediate problems.
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Moreover, tensions exist between the rural population and the town-dwellers who buy second homes in the more accessible areas of countryside.
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It is therefore prudent to examine both periods in turn before attempting to produce any general statements about rural population change.
poverty
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Most of the loss is attributed to population growth and rural poverty , leading to land clearance for agriculture.
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Scattered about, a few large, forlorn sunflowers make a game attempt to brighten a scene of dismal rural poverty .
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Dole overcame both rural poverty and, even more remarkably, war wounds that might have killed a lesser person.
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There, governors were aggressively courting companies like Rohr to help offset high unemployment and rural poverty .
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These problems include those associated with rural poverty , malnutrition, population changes and environmental degradation in developing nations.
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For forty years villagers have streamed into its fetid blocks, seeking to escape rural poverty .
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Little public attention was paid to rural poverty before Rowntree undertook a survey in 1912.
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Rowntree attempted no detailed quantification of rural poverty , in view of the wide scope of his inquiry.
school
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There was also a massive expansion in the formal schooling system, with an emphasis on building rural schools.
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The experiment seems to have worked to some extent in rural schools with farms attached.
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Those schools having no pupils absent were all either small and/or rural schools.
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Educationists must modify or supplement teacher training courses soas to cater for those who will work in rural schools .
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After a few rosy years teaching in the rural school I got a job on a city estate.
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One reason may be the chronic shortage of funds that requires many rural schools to make up their budgets by irregular means.
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We will support rural schools and improve public transport.
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If size of school at some stages is related to educational opportunities then the retention of small rural schools is inequitable.
society
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This meant that the cities which ultimately grew up within this rural society were of a different character from the surrounding countryside.
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Atheism is virtually unknown in pagan and rural societies , but this new rationalism will usher it into the modern world.
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Like it or not, it is a fact that religion is more dominant and persistent in rural societies than industrial ones.
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Anglicans were still too heavily committed to an organization suited to a predominantly rural society .
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The distinction between education and schooling becomes clear in a rural society .
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Despite a land reform initiative in the early 1980s, rural society remains polarized.
village
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Even sleepy rural villages were turned into minor railway settlements with the coming of the railways.
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I grew up during the 1930s in a little rural village in central Ohio.
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The population of the majority of rural villages was therefore dependent upon agriculture for a living.
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He emphasized the continuity, not the break, between the rural village and the city church.
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The urban street and the rural village are both, in their different ways, educational backwaters.
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The migration process frequently involves a chain of relatives from rural village to urban neighbourhood.
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Framsden mill and its environs will illustrate what I mean about the compactness and self-sufficiency of the rural villages in East Anglia.
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All of this made the rural village an extremely close-knit society.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
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a rural development program
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a magazine about rural life
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At that time, much of rural Ireland was desperately poor.
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Compared to Los Angeles, Santa Barbara is rural .
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Crime is a concern in both rural and urban areas.
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The committee will investigate ways of recruiting doctors and nurses for rural communities.
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There continues to be a shortage of jobs for young people in many rural areas.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
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Meanwhile, prostitution increases in rural areas, where unemployment has tripled and school drop-out rates for girls are soaring.
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Patients in rural areas were also more likely to need urgent laser photocoagulation.
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The authors point out that their study was done in a rural area and results may differ with urban clients.
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The possibilities for current and prospective changes in such policies are creating uncertainties over the future of the rural environment.
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These problems include those associated with rural poverty, malnutrition, population changes and environmental degradation in developing nations.
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They felt that the proposed development would detract from the rural character of the area because of its size, height and bulk.
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While the industrial sector remained small in real terms, much industrial production continued to be located in rural areas.
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Within this stunned silence anger mounts, and another disaster could well tip rural politics over the edge.