adjective
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a cultural/scientific/academic exchange
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The mayors of Tokyo and New York signed an agreement to encourage cultural exchanges between the cities.
a historical/scientific fact
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This was presented as a historical fact when it was just an opinion.
a scientific expedition
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He led the first major British scientific expedition to the Amazon.
a scientific experiment
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Astronauts performed scientific experiments during the flight.
a scientific theory
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Scientific theories can be tested experimentally.
a scientific/medical etc discovery
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The book covers the major scientific discoveries of the last century.
a scientific/systematic approach
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a scientific approach to the study of language
a technological/scientific breakthrough
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Their findings led to a major technological breakthrough.
economic/political/scientific etc analysis
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His book provided a scientific analysis of human behaviour.
from a scientific/technical point of view
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This book was the first to study language from a scientific point of view.
historical/financial/scientific etc data
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My research involves analyzing the historical data.
historical/sociological/scientific etc writing
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Much historical writing today looks at the lives of ordinary people, as well as at the rich and powerful.
medical/scientific evidence
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There isn’t any medical evidence to support the claim.
medical/scientific/technical expertise
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How can an individual without medical expertise make such a decision?
political/scientific etc consensus
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The scientific consensus is that global warming is already occurring.
political/scientific/academic etc credibility
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A school's academic credibility often depends on its exam results.
political/scientific/feminist etc viewpoint
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From an ecological viewpoint, the motorway has been a disaster.
scientific curiosity (= about scientific things )
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Their scientific curiosity led to the development of the vaccine.
scientific observation (= observation done for scientific purposes )
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Scientific observation led to the discovery of vaccines.
scientific proof
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They say they have scientific proof that the treatment works.
scientific research
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Our conclusions are based on scientific research.
scientific/creative etc endeavour
scientific/logical/legal reasoning
scientific/technical knowledge
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the practical application of scientific knowledge
technical/scientific/legal/medical etc jargon
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documents full of legal jargon
technological/scientific/medical etc advance
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one of the great technological advances of the 20th century
the business/scientific/academic etc community
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The idea has received intense interest from the business community.
the scientific establishment
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Professor Walker’s views are not shared by the scientific establishment.
the scientific method (= the usual way of finding out information in science, which involves testing ideas in experiments )
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It is sometimes difficult to apply the scientific method to subjects such as sociology or psychology.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADVERB
more
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Psychology is anxious to make itself more scientific by removing gender biases from its theory.
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He wanted the information to make club selection more scientific .
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Or, to adopt a more scientific expression, the literature of the right-hand side of the brain.
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It was a fine mind. More scientific than hers, more given to abstractions.
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Physiological research is regarded as simply a more scientific version of introspection.
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Perhaps the debate could then be continued on a more scientific level.
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The ability to produce in greater quantities made this system wasteful and it has given way to a more scientific process.
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It would no doubt be possible to devise a more scientific approach than this.
■ NOUN
activity
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I will leave to one side any consideration of the philosophical or practical relevance of this model of scientific activity .
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Note-taking is and should be a highly regarded scientific activity .
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The authors also say that peer review is ineffective as a mechanism for restructuring scientific activity .
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Bearded and dignified, Aitken was an original thinker who remained outside the mainstream of scientific activity .
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This demand must not be built up at the expense of the core scientific activity of the Garden, however.
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Some 1 500 periodicals are currently taken; these reflect the wide range of scientific activity carried on in the Garden.
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Exhibitions should interpret and promote our scientific activities , with an annual major theme.
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Every exhibition should be treated as an opportunity to inform visitors about our scientific activities and priorities.
advance
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From the first, these universal histories represented both scientific advances and political and religious challenges.
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News and Views articles inform non-specialist readers about new scientific advances , sometimes in the form of a conference report.
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They are also encouraged to make connections between medical and scientific advances and changes in human society.
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As such it must rank as one of the most fundamental scientific advances of the century.
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What was the point of scientific advance without moral advance?
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A more immediate concern is the danger that a monumental scientific advance could be commercialised.
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Most of this century's scientific advances stemmed from intellectual curiosity, not a desire to patent.
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Despite political struggle, scientific advances and social battles, some things can not be changed, marched for or campaigned against.
analysis
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We need to restore the balance between the heartfelt reason of instinctive wisdom and the rational insights of scientific analysis .
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Their meanings and their rules have priority in the scientific analysis of the phenomena.
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Marx sought to replace, as a basis for action, Utopian dreams by scientific analysis .
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Much might be done in the scientific analysis of these processes and responses, many of which are self-evidently material and physical.
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It is only by using scientific analysis that they can be distinguished.
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In all directions it seemed that scientific investigation was triumphing over ignorance, and scientific analysis replacing rule of thumb.
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True to this tone, Tom's tape is scientific analysis as opposed to bedtime bogeyman stories.
approach
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Certainly scientific approaches had come to be seen as unsuited to this project and therefore increasingly discarded.
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So far, Koch's scientific approach is working.
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It would no doubt be possible to devise a more scientific approach than this.
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In practice, a combination of scientific approaches is usually needed.
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And, of course, the scientific approach through general laws and formulae has nothing to work on in this sort of context.
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Here we must pause to acknowledge that Morgenthau does not always advocate a scientific approach as he did in Politics among Nations.
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But some in the movement were uneasy about viewing realism primarily as an appeal to a social scientific approach to law.
basis
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Approaches seeming to have a scientific basis are often welcomed by contributors to the Review.
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Clearly, some practicing therapists know how little use diagnostic categories are and how little scientific basis there is for them.
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She explained its scientific basis and her whole approach was candid and open.
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Although the provenance of the 10 percent number is clear, its scientific basis is much less so.
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These ideas have no scientific basis and no sound evidence was offered by Devereux in his book.
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The lack of scientific basis for many of the worries doesn't stanch the flood.
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He believed that the workforce should be selected on the same scientific basis .
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Brown has made an interesting attempt to approach the situation from a more scientific basis .
community
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But Albert Einstein has been deified by the scientific community and society at large.
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The media continue to publish favorable reports on prediction claims that are not generally accepted by the scientific community .
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The scientific community agrees that women 50 and older should have annual mammograms.
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It is an odd affinity that is forming between Reagan and the scientific community .
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Software Systems: Software for telephone companies; computer data management software for scientific community and others using large amounts of data.
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The plan, announced at a conference on cloning, was denounced as dangerous and immoral by the mainstream scientific community .
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Most suits are filed after the scientific community or the press has already raised alarms.
data
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The centre will present information in an attractive and accessible manner, using the most up-to-date scientific data .
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Whereas the endangered species listing is determined solely upon scientific data , economics play a role in deciding critical habitat.
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His argument may have turned out indecisively, but Halley evidently believed that scientific data were relevant to theological questions.
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Traditional craft know-how was being reduced to scientific data and passing from workman to manager, from shop floor to front office.
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In such a way have religious beliefs sometimes shaped the interpretation of scientific data .
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These investigators have routinely been allowed to testify at criminal trials as expert witnesses, offering what appeared to be scientific data .
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The 21-member organisation is responsible for reviewing scientific data and regulating the industry.
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But the spin-off will hold exclusive rights to the vaccine and related scientific data .
discipline
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Recent historical studies stress the importance of scientific disciplines and research programmes.
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Second, most scientific disciplines , including molecular biology and genetics are obliged to seek funding for research from industry.
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These potential sources of emerging infections are diverse and cross the lines of various scientific disciplines and government agency responsibilities.
discovery
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Such, after all, is the pace of scientific discovery that today's knowledge is redundant tomorrow.
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No wonder the guy came up with the most revolutionary scientific discovery of a good 500-year period.
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In particular, pupils do not learn of the social and political implications of scientific discoveries .
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Few new scientific discoveries are completely beneficial.
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His scientific discoveries and his fight for religious and political freedom, form equally important parts of an exceptionally industrious life.
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May we play our part in the use of scientific discovery for the benefit of the human race.
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This shift primarily reflects the influence of the processes of scientific discovery on the social thought of the period.
establishment
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Not unless you've got somebody very high in the scientific establishment with enough swing to make the lesser lights take notice.
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Unfortunately, the quick acceptance of the recent crossover thesis by the Western scientific establishment precluded the exploration of other possibilities.
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The scientific establishment can resist a new idea with such complacent zeal that even Joshua with his trumpets would have no effect.
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His avowed purpose was to tweak the noses of the respectable scientific establishment .
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It is not a view shared by the scientific establishment .
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As it was, Harrison stood alone against the vested navigational interests of the scientific establishment .
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Waterston's ideas were advanced but, being outside the scientific establishment , he was not always taken seriously.
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We will bring in much tighter labelling requirements for all foods, and make funding available for food research and scientific establishments .
evidence
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He claimed scientific evidence had shown low levels of salmonella in water were not a risk to health.
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Indeed, her insistence on the issue seems to be more a product of her unfortunate personal experience than of scientific evidence .
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Conversely, it takes a quite massive amount of scientific evidence to have a substance positively recommended for health.
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Beginning in 1980 the Agriculture and Health departments have issued dietary guidelines every five years, based on the latest scientific evidence .
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Few in the scientific community would argue that the scientific evidence justifies immediate extremely drastic action.
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However, there was no scientific evidence to support marijuana smoking.
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A specialist child protection team was questioning Jason and scientific evidence was being gathered.
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Two university psychology professors say they have scientific evidence that southerners are more prone to violence than northerners.
experiment
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Chewing gives psychological satisfaction, and even in scientific experiments the chewing of gum has been found to help reduce tension.
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Explain to the class that they are going to conduct a scientific experiment using only a strip of paper.
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One day, I promise myself, I will make a scientific experiment .
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When Challenger called by this morning, he described a scientific experiment to me of a very similar sort.
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This has been shown in several scientific experiments which invariably indicate that overweight people eat more quickly than slim people.
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With his men properly nourished, Cook had all hands available to carry out scientific experiments and explorations.
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Additionally, few primary schools have the equipment or facilities to carry out scientific experiments as the syllabus suggests.
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The three Skylab crews spent a combined time of over 3000 hours conducting scientific experiments in Earth orbit.
explanation
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The statements can be from other children in the class or they might be standard scientific explanations .
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This is still not a scientific explanation .
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There were sensible, scientific explanations about the effect of the changes in air pressure.
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In traditional macho science, scientific explanations stressed hierarchies and unidirectional causal paths.
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The concept of purpose is creeping back into scientific explanations .
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To Boltwood, the scientific explanation is immaterial.
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The shared concept of scientific explanation was always contestable and has of late been radically contested.
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Bromberg gives just the right amount of scientific explanation .
information
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I thought also that I could sell him scientific information , and so escape from my destitute condition.
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It was made possible by the explosion of production, of resources, food, scientific information , and medical advances.
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The text of the Botanical Cabinet, combining scientific information with pious observations, reflected Loddiges's deeply held religious convictions.
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The major social resource for his social action, in the form of service, is positivistic or scientific information .
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The Internet was originally constructed to allow sharing of scientific information .
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Learn to separate scientific information from rumor and myth.
inquiry
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In assessing whether a particular doctrine might have encouraged scientific inquiry , such ambivalence must be taken into account.
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In fact, the mathematical details are usually secondary to the logic of scientific inquiry .
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All three of Kane's categories suffer from implausible assumptions which belong in the realms of racist folklore rather than scientific inquiry .
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It is also the explanation of political behavior that has been least fully explored by means of social scientific inquiry .
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But we shall not find a consistent position in which the tasks of biblical exegesis and scientific inquiry were no longer mutually relevant.
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The fear of sounding racist has conspired to stifle debate and suppress legitimate scientific inquiry .
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Mahfouz was applying the spirit of scientific inquiry to spiritual matters.
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The great achievements of the seventeenth century seem to testify to a new independence of scientific inquiry .
instrument
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Glasgow: Clocks and scientific instruments , Wednesday 11am.
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Triana has been derided by Republican critics, and its political pedigree is unusual for a scientific instrument .
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Calibration and servicing of scientific instruments .
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The plan includes major new scientific instruments and industrial plants.
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There are many small engineering firms, some specialising in scientific instruments .
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Industrial machinery, computer and other electronic equipment, chemicals, scientific instruments and transportation equipment lead the export list.
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By next Tuesday, Hubble should have two new scientific instruments and replacements for its failing hardware.
interest
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The matter is of more than passing scientific interest .
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His business declined through the 1850s in the face of increasing competition, though his scientific interests continued undiminished.
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His scientific interests were kindled by visits to the great exhibition at the Crystal Palace in London in 1851.
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Apart from his official work as public analyst, McLachlan had a wide range of other scientific interests .
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A number of these articles of scientific interest were produced by L. Ashwell Wood.
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Councillors commended the scheme put forward by Tilhill Economic Forestry for its design and consideration for sites of archaeological and scientific interest .
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He acquired a lasting scientific interest in mucus, possibly augmented by digestive problems of his own.
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And it certainly turned out to be of considerable scientific interest .
investigation
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Psychic phenomena seemed to cry out for, and lend themselves to, scientific investigation .
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That is not an argument for stopping scientific investigation .
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The Bible as holy literature, the oracles of the Logos, has become for them an inanimate object of scientific investigation .
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The problem needed to be handed over to scientific investigation .
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In that case nature would be capable of wilful deception and all scientific investigation would be a waste of time.
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Curiosity, as I have already remarked, is essential to inquiry: without it, no scientific investigation would even begin.
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Firstly, systems science which deals with the scientific investigation of systems and with theory in various sciences.
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For many people, this practical issue will overshadow the refinements of scientific investigation , but this would be a pity.
journal
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As articles in scientific journals became more formal, the need for popular writings and lectures increased.
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The phenomenon Gross was describing had already been described by researchers in scientific journals for several years.
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Many are forgotten, buried in old scientific journals or the archives of individual pharmaceutical companies.
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Dorrell did not elaborate but said the experts' findings will be published in scientific journals within four to six weeks.
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The most formal level of communication in science is carried out through the medium of the scientific journal .
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The findings are published in the October issue of the scientific journal Photochemistry and Photobiology.
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Max's with a pipe, tobacco, scientific journals .
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Two major collections -- periodicals and scientific journals dating to the 1800s -- were inundated.
knowledge
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Here we need to rely on our social scientific knowledge about our own legal and social institutions.
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Early in the 1890s, physicians in California were having a hard time reconciling their scientific knowledge about leprosy with their sinophobia.
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The public character of scientific knowledge depended on the interpersonal and critical debate between scientists.
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Who were those glittering people intent on raiding the continent for money or for scientific knowledge ?
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Fieldwork, nevertheless, involves the routine application of a wide range of technical and scientific knowledge .
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The West can surely produce a universal culture if it renounces its monopoly on scientific knowledge and the electronic agenda.
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He wrote tales of plausible galactic empires with impish fun and a fierce belief that scientific knowledge would triumph over ignorance.
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It is clearly an area in which our fears are outrunning scientific knowledge .
management
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The second is a managerial tradition deriving from F W Taylor's theory of scientific management and his studies of work administration.
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They ended by challenging many of the assumptions of scientific management and establishing that work had both social and psychological dimensions.
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Such arguments serve to remind us that scientific management has right-wing as well as left-wing critics.
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Look back to 1910 and the first explosion of interest in scientific management and you see field after field absorbing its message.
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These antidotes to scientific management were aimed at two management problem areas, concerning moral and operational issues, respectively.
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Frederick Winslow Taylor, in the words inscribed on his tombstone, was the father of scientific management .
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No one today, though, speaks of Taylorized factories, or factories working under scientific management .
method
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The scientific method may sometimes mislead.
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The root of materialism is probably a firm commitment to empirical scientific method as the only reliable way to discover truth.
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It could reinforce prescriptions for an appropriate scientific method .
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Let us briefly consider how you might analyze this claim by means of the scientific method .
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Can you imagine advanced scientific methods divorced from the policy and ethics of their actual use?
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Prehistoric studies experienced a shift of emphasis in the 1960s as a result of scientific methods of dating being introduced into archaeology.
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The scientific method has provided standards for research.
principle
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This reaction produced attempts to apply scientific principles and procedures to the study of human functioning.
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What we may recognize as a scientific principle was enunciated via the theological concept of divine immutability.
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To understand what sustainability means, it's necessary first to understand what unsustainability means in terms of first-order scientific principles .
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In order to do this, we have to employ a method of understanding rooted in scientific principles that are universally accepted.
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The only way forward was on these secular, scientific principles .
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Barnes wrote on scientific principles , he said.
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He believed that it was possible to apply scientific principles to each task which would replace the old rule-of-thumb method of working.
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Using everyday objects, basic scientific principles can be explained even to the very young.
progress
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Having disposed of one great story which gave coherence to human life, Western culture substituted another called scientific progress .
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In short, recent scientific progress has revolutionized the understanding of alcohol and caffeine.
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The analogy between scientific progress and genetic evolution by natural selection has been illuminated especially by Sir Karl Popper.
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Thus routine science and routine scientific progress occur while, and only while, the governing paradigm copes successfully with apparent exceptions.
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Goody, however, retreats from the implications that this more flexible model of scientific progress hold for his claims regarding literacy.
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Remarks such as these indicate that Lakatos aimed to propose a universal criterion for judging research programmes in particular and scientific progress in general.
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Here was a Protestant vision amenable to an emerging concept of scientific progress .
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The arguments concerning the social nature of scientific progress relate also to the product of that progress - technology.
reason
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There is no convincing scientific reason why they did not occur.
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I understand that the move has been made for the best scientific reasons .
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Organic farmers know it works, but they can't give scientific reasons .
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This is a decision by the Natural Environment Research Council and it is for the best scientific reasons .
research
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In principle, this question could be answered by careful scientific research .
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It also stimulated scientific research by providing a definite name for something that previously had not had a satisfactory title.
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This anticipatory power of the imagination has been utilized in many sports, and scientific research has established its effectiveness for athletes.
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We have also backed scientific research into rehabilitation schemes and their effectiveness.
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The goal of Apollo was not practical benefit, nor even scientific research , but political posturing.
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How does basic scientific research fare in the face of so much application interest?
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Some of these fears were allayed by scientific research findings, such as laboratory experiments with rats.
revolution
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The discontinuous change constitutes a scientific revolution .
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The first contest of the scientific revolution was fought by Paracelsus, well ahead of the more famous initiatives of Vesalius and Copernicus.
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We shall lead up to it by starting where the modern world began, with the scientific revolution .
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We continue to speak of a scientific revolution because earlier systems of belief were emphatically overthrown.
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The scientific revolution , it is often said, saw the separation of science from religion.
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For these reasons we shall drop references to the separation of science and religion during the scientific revolution .
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When this happens, there is a scientific revolution and the old paradigm is replaced with a new one.
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The image of a separation between science and religion during the scientific revolution is certainly attractive.
study
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New scientific studies indicating that the danger of dioxin was in fact worse than previously realized were hardly reported.
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It was pretty carefully set up: First, a report of a seemingly scientific study .
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One involves the scientific study of which women are likely to keep their own last names after marriage.
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Ecological Science and Forestry Ecology is the scientific study of organisms in relation to the physical and biological environment.
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Dozens of scientific studies investigated the claims.
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Tinbergen demonstrated that it was possible, simply by watching animals, to make a scientific study of them.
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The project will adopt a case-study methodology and will focus on scientific studies of the Precambrian.
theory
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No doubt that story contained many scientific theories which she had had to omit from her tale, being unable to comprehend them.
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A scientific theory , not just a rhetorical one.
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Eagleton could not put it more simply: Marxism is a scientific theory of human societies and the practice of transforming them.
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That does not stop it being a good scientific theory .
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Newton's physical theories , however, are a good example of how a scientific theory may be predictive as well as explanatory.
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In still another respect we hope to contribute to the development of a scientific theory of democracy.
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Fletcher turned his trick into a whole scientific theory .
work
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Besides, three-quarters of forensic scientific work doesn't require all this sophisticated instrumentation.
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In honest, carefully done scientific work , there is no compromise on stringent requirements for the conduct and interpretation of research.
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His best scientific work was behind him.
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McGregor thought Amelia was particularly suited by temperament for scientific work because she had such a lively interest.
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The geologists in mission control were not best pleased as they had planned some serious scientific work at the landing site.
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Those prescriptions can not be said to have been derived from any scientific work whatsoever.
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Do you think that current scientific work on consciousness is misguided?
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Their properly scientific work has no particular relevance to the truth or falsity of most religious claims.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
the teaching/scientific/criminal etc fraternity
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
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scientific research
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There is no scientific basis for such policies.
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There isn't a very scientific filing system in the office.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
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Councillors commended the scheme put forward by Tilhill Economic Forestry for its design and consideration for sites of archaeological and scientific interest.
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He wanted the information to make club selection more scientific .
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More complex annuity problems can also be programmed on nearly all business and scientific calculators rather easily.
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She was impatient, angry, and scientific .
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Tell me how you write love poetry which is objective, scientific , and devoid of any personal presence.
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Through their size, funding and concentration of personnel they are central scientific and technological establishments.