noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
basal
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Increased basal serum gastrin is related to both atrophy and H pylori infection but not to ageing perse.
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Similarly, basal serum gastrin concentrations do not alter with ageing in healthy men.
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Increased basal serum gastrin is related to atrophy and to infection with H pylori.
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For gastric acid secretion, basal serum gastrin was considered in addition to these three variables.
fasting
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Antral gastrin and somatostatin cell densities and fasting serum gastrin concentrations were similar in the two groups of patients with Zollinger-Ellison sydrome.
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At trial entry, however, there were mild abnormalities of fasting serum lipids in 12 patients.
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Our finding that fasting serum gastrin consists mainly of G34 is consistent with previous reports.
fetal
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Monolayers of human hepatoma cell line Hep3B were maintained in Dulbecco modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum .
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Dulbeco's modified Eagles' medium containing 10% fetal calf serum had an advantage in both plating efficiency and growth.
high
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They found that patients with the highest serum gastrin concentrations did not necessarily have the highest enterochromaffin like cell counts.
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Patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and raised concentrations of serum pepsinogen A are often found to have high serum pepsinogen C values.
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Subjects with atrophy had significantly higher serum gastrin concentrations than all other subjects and higher than old subjects without atrophy.
human
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Most recently, a soluble form of the usually membrane bound ICAM-1 molecule was detected in human serum samples.
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Normal human serum diluted 1:10 served as a blank.
increased
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Several studies have disclosed increased serum levels of IgG1 in a number of autoimmune diseases.
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The role of the increased serum gastrin concentration induced by H pylori in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer disease is also unknown.
low
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The absorption of 5-ASA by the colon is poor, resulting in very low serum and urine concentrations and high faecal concentrations.
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Its overall effect is to raise serum ionized calcium levels and lower serum phosphorus levels.
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The proportions of children with low baseline serum retinol concentrations were substantial in both trial populations.
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A low serum ceruloplasmin is one of the laboratory hallmarks of this disease, but is not invariably present.
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Kirschner etal, on the other hand, showed low serum IGF-I concentrations in children with Crohn's disease.
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The drug has first-order kinetics only at lower serum levels.
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Discussion Patients with coeliac disease who are not receiving treatment have low serum carnitine concentrations.
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Similarly, patients with low serum albumen due to any cause will have a higher unbound drug fraction.
median
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There were no significant differences in the median serum amylase and lipase values between the treatment groups.
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There were no significant differences between the median serum IGFBP-1 and insulin concentrations in well grown compared with stunted patients.
normal
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He had, however, at the time of investigation a normal serum creatinine value.
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This formula takes into account the majority of solutes present in normal serum .
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All patients had normal serum concentrations of liver enzymes and bilirubin and were included consecutively in the study.
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The lower limits of normal for serum uric acid are arbitrarily defined and may vary from one lab to another.
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All patients had normal serum creatinine values at the time of investigation.
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Ten of these 15 patients had active disease but normal serum liver function tests.
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All controls had normal serum creatinine concentrations.
raised
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Patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and raised concentrations of serum pepsinogen A are often found to have high serum pepsinogen C values.
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In addition, several studies in diabetics have suggested that raised serum cholesterol levels are also associated with the presence of macrovascular disease.
total
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If the serum albumin concentration is normal, the total serum calcium level reflects the ionized calcium concentration.
■ NOUN
albumin
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Her diarrhoea decreased with improved appetite and weight gain, a rising serum albumin , and resolution of her peripheral oedema.
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If the serum albumin concentration is normal, the total serum calcium level reflects the ionized calcium concentration.
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The increase in serum albumin was similar in both groups.
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To do so, a concurrent measurement of serum albumin and total calcium should be obtained.
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For example, acetaldehyde has been shown to form circulating cytotoxic adducts with serum albumin .
calcium
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At the time of sacrifice, blood was obtained for measurement of serum calcium , phosphate, and albumin.
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Therefore, to diagnose hypercalcemia in a suspected case, one must obtain at least three separate measurements of the serum calcium .
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They both participate in the regulation of the concentration of serum calcium .
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Intravenous phosphate has been recommended for lowering the serum calcium when other measures have failed.
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If the serum albumin concentration is normal, the total serum calcium level reflects the ionized calcium concentration.
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The serum calcium level should occasionally be checked.
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The sources for the elevated serum calcium in dialysis patients are multiple.
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When the uremia is severe enough to warrant dialysis, this therapy usually results in a correction of the serum calcium concentration.
calf
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Monolayers of human hepatoma cell line Hep3B were maintained in Dulbecco modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum .
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Many researchers have tried to obtain a medium for growing antibodies that is free from calf serum .
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Fetal calf serum is one such ingredient; and there are many others.
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Dulbeco's modified Eagles' medium containing 10% fetal calf serum had an advantage in both plating efficiency and growth.
cholesterol
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It has been reported that serum cholesterol values are similar in samples from fasting and non-fasting subjects.
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This relationship remained significant after adjusting for age, gender and serum cholesterol .
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Furthermore, there were no differences in serum cholesterol values in patients with different tumour grades.
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The initial test of a random serum cholesterol and triglyceride estimation is sufficient.
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The serum cholesterol concentration was assayed according to the method of Richmond.
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In addition, several studies in diabetics have suggested that raised serum cholesterol levels are also associated with the presence of macrovascular disease.
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Depression, self-blame, number of pre-defined illness symptoms, and level of serum cholesterol were also assessed.
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Since then, numerous studies have analysed the relation between serum cholesterol and large bowel cancer.
concentration
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All patients had normal serum concentrations of liver enzymes and bilirubin and were included consecutively in the study.
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This results, even in steady state, in a rapid decline in serum concentrations .
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Integrated meal stimulated serum gastrin outputs were determined by calculating the area under the serum concentration time curve.
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The serum concentration of IGF-I and growth velocity both improved with increased calorie intake.
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We also made it clear that both dose and frequency should be adjusted as dictated by serum concentrations .
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Certain IgG heavy chain markers are associated with the serum concentrations of IgG subclasses.
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Several studies have disclosed relations between IgG markers and IgG subclass serum concentrations against particular antigens.
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Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and Wilson disease were excluded by determining serum concentrations of alpha-1 antitrypsin and ceruloplasmin, respectively.
creatinine
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There were no significant changes in the patients' mean weight and serum creatinine and sodium concentrations throughout the trial.
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At all times, renal function as assessed by serum creatinine and creatinine clearance remained normal.
gastrin
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They found that patients with the highest serum gastrin concentrations did not necessarily have the highest enterochromaffin like cell counts.
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Increased basal serum gastrin is related to both atrophy and H pylori infection but not to ageing perse.
▪
Similarly, basal serum gastrin concentrations do not alter with ageing in healthy men.
▪
Increased basal serum gastrin is related to atrophy and to infection with H pylori.
▪
For gastric acid secretion, basal serum gastrin was considered in addition to these three variables.
▪
Antral gastrin and somatostatin cell densities and fasting serum gastrin concentrations were similar in the two groups of patients with Zollinger-Ellison sydrome.
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There was no relationship between the serum gastrin concentration and type of renal replacement treatment.
level
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Several studies have disclosed increased serum levels of IgG1 in a number of autoimmune diseases.
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They usually occur at serum levels above the recommended therapeutic range.
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It is important to measure serum levels at steady state after each change of dose.
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Another favorable characteristic is that there is a rapid build-up of serum levels , even when starting at low doses.
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The drug selected for monotherapy is then added and appropriate dosage adjustment made to attain therapeutic serum levels .
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The drug has first-order kinetics only at lower serum levels .
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A given increase in dosage, therefore, may produce a disproportionately large increase of serum level .
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For this reason concentrations of potentially interfering metal ions approximating the serum levels are used in the standards.
lipid
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At trial entry, however, there were mild abnormalities of fasting serum lipids in 12 patients.
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In these and the remaining 70 patients, the serum lipids remained unchanged throughout the study.
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It would therefore appear that nutritional modifications in themselves have an important effect on serum lipids and lipoproteins.
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Alcohol intake, serum lipids and obesity Alcohol may have several effects on serum lipids.
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The most frequent effect of excess alcohol intake on serum lipids is elevation of triglyceride levels.
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These drugs may also adversely affect serum lipids and lipoproteins.
pepsinogen
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In these conditions serum pepsinogen C provides additional diagnostic information, especially when expressed as pepsinogen A:C ratio.
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Patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and raised concentrations of serum pepsinogen A are often found to have high serum pepsinogen C values.
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It has previously been reported that H pylori infection raises serum pepsinogen I in non-uraemic patients but only by about 25%.
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High values of serum pepsinogen A have also been found during omeprazole treatment.
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There was no relationship between the serum pepsinogen I concentration and type of renal replacement treatment.
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Our observation that short term treatment with omeprazole increases serum pepsinogen A and C levels confirms previous studies.
phosphate
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Obviously, careful monitoring of the serum phosphate level is appropriate.
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In the latter circumstance, the antacid should simply be stopped for a period of time and the serum phosphate monitored.
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It is therefore impossible to predict with certainty what amount of supplementation will result in what increment in the serum phosphate concentration.
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An additional reason that serum phosphate may fall is that it may shift into cells.
potassium
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His temperature was 37°C, pulse 84/ min, and serum potassium 3.8 mmol/l.
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This is effective not because it lowers serum potassium concentration but because it directly antagonizes the membrane depolarizing effect of hyperkalemia.
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The serum potassium level is sometimes helpful in determining acid-base status.
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The serum potassium level may be of assistance in suggesting whether the patient is acidemia or alkalemia, as described above.
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What is actually observed in this Circumstance is an increase in serum potassium concentration.
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For example, in acidosis from diarrhea, the serum potassium level is often low rather than high.
protein
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Based on the production of this absorption peak, it is possible to quantitate serum proteins by an ultraviolet-light technique.
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The other structural characteristic that may be used to quantitate serum proteins is the presence of peptide bonds.
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The buffer base is composed of the anionic buffers which include bicarbonate, phosphate, serum proteins , and hemoglobin.
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They are hemoglobin, serum protein , phosphate, and bicarbonate.
sample
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In the following experiments, five or six serum samples were used unless indicated otherwise.
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This enzyme. labeled complex competes with free unlabeled drug in the serum sample for the binding sites on the antibody.
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Additional serum samples were taken in December 1990 from a randomly selected cohort of 141 people aged 40-65 years.
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The drug in the serum sample and the enzyme. labeled drug compete for the binding sites on the antibody.
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Circulating anticolon antibodies have been found in serum samples from patients with ulcerative colitis.
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They all died within months of each other, and serum samples were collected and frozen.
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Most recently, a soluble form of the usually membrane bound ICAM-1 molecule was detected in human serum samples .
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A nasopharyngeal swab or paired serum samples , or both, were collected from healthy subjects.
sodium
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Urea and electrolytes gave a 121 mmol/l serum sodium , 5.6 mmol/l potassium, 5.6 mmol/l urea, and 96 umol/l creatinine.
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In patients with an increased total body sodium content, administration of salt to increase serum sodium level is inappropriate.
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Would the cost of care depend on the serum sodium concentration?
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These individuals maintain a stable serum sodium in the 125 to I 28-mEq / L range.
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Their serum sodium remains in the 125 to 128-mEq / L range.
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The goal is simply to raise serum sodium enough to obviate the risk of seizures.
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For convenience, the serum sodium level is usually taken as the estimate of tonicity.
■ VERB
find
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Circulating anticolon antibodies have been found in serum samples from patients with ulcerative colitis.
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No correlation was found between the serum carnitine concentration and the degree of intestinal atrophy in active coeliac disease.
increase
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Our observation that short term treatment with omeprazole increases serum pepsinogen A and C levels confirms previous studies.
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In patients with an increased total body sodium content, administration of salt to increase serum sodium level is inappropriate.
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Renal disease and a variety of other diseases have not been shown to increase serum ferritin levels. 273.
measure
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Parathyroid hormone was measured in serum by radioimmunoassay directed towards the amino terminal region.
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It is important to measure serum levels at steady state after each change of dose.
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For clinical purposes, one means of measuring overall concentration would be to measure the serum osmolality directly.
raise
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It has previously been reported that H pylori infection raises serum pepsinogen I in non-uraemic patients but only by about 25%.
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Its overall effect is to raise serum ionized calcium levels and lower serum phosphorus levels.
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The goal is simply to raise serum sodium enough to obviate the risk of seizures.
show
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Kirschner etal, on the other hand, showed low serum IGF-I concentrations in children with Crohn's disease.
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Population studies show that serum uric acid levels are not normally distributed; they are skewed toward higher values for both sexes.
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The Figure shows the relation between serum carnitine concentrations and the degree of intestinal atrophy.
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Renal disease and a variety of other diseases have not been shown to increase serum ferritin levels. 273.
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We have shown that the serum pepsinogen-I: -II ratio is significantly lower in H pylori positive subjects than in uninfected persons.
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Other studies have failed to show a relation between serum cholesterol and colorectal carcinoma.
use
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You could try using a serum - these non-sticky liquids are excellent for smoothing the cuticles and wrapping hair in shine.
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The other structural characteristic that may be used to quantitate serum proteins is the presence of peptide bonds.
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When using the direct serum method, pigmented specimens may cause the appearance of false end-points resulting in positive errors.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
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In blood, the majority is found in erythrocytes with only minor quantities in plasma or serum .
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In patients with an increased total body sodium content, administration of salt to increase serum sodium level is inappropriate.
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In these situations, acetazolamide may be needed to decrease proximal bicarbonate and sodium reabsorption, thereby reducing the serum bicarbonate level.
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It has been reported that serum cholesterol values are similar in samples from fasting and non-fasting subjects.
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Most recently, a soluble form of the usually membrane bound ICAM-1 molecule was detected in human serum samples.
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The cellular source of the catalytically active PLA2 in serum of patients suffering from acute pancreatitis and other diseases is unknown.
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The lower limits of normal for serum uric acid are arbitrarily defined and may vary from one lab to another.
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Therefore, this study investigated carnitine concentrations in serum of patients with coeliac disease.