adjective
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a rural/urban setting
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The research station is located in a rural setting.
a rural/urban/suburban existence (= life in the country/city/suburbs )
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The girls hated their drab suburban existence.
an urban area (= in a town or city )
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90% of the English population live in urban areas.
an urban district (= in a town )
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In 1911 over three-quarters of the British people lived in urban districts.
rural/industrial/urban etc landscape
the urban poor (= poor people who live in towns and cities )
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The condition of the urban poor could no longer be ignored.
the urban population (= the people who live in towns or cities )
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The region's urban population will more than double in the next two decades.
urban expansion
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We are seeing uncontrolled urban expansion in many African cities.
urban myth
urban regeneration
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a new strategy for urban regeneration
urban renewal
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an urban renewal program
urban sprawl
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We drove through miles of urban sprawl before we finally got out into the countryside.
urban sprawl
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planning policies designed to limit the growth of urban sprawl
urban unrest (= in towns or cities )
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Unemployment and poor housing were significant causes of urban unrest.
urban/city planner
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City planners are looking for ways to ease traffic.
urban/industrial wasteland
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the restoration of industrial wasteland
urban/inner-city riots
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The urban riots forced the Government to invest in the inner cities.
urban/rural poverty
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People come to the capital seeking to escape rural poverty.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ NOUN
area
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We will double the number of Safer Cities Schemes to cover 40 urban areas .
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It is difficult to target economic development activities so that the most distressed urban areas or disadvantaged social groups are assisted.
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An Indoor Leisure Complex and an hotel which could be sited in the urban area are unlikely to receive planning permission.
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Half of the U. S. Latino population lives in these cities and the surrounding urban areas .
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These factors differ among communities and between rural and urban areas within a country.
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I have heard this concern raised particularly in urban areas with high concentrations of minority and disadvantaged young people.
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Mr. Win Griffiths I entirely agree with the hon. Gentleman about the sensitivity of rail routes through urban areas .
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In other urban areas , 816 permits were issued in San Antonio, or one every 1, 192 residents.
center
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Blacks in large numbers started leaving the South for northern urban centers in the 1920s.
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Westerners are often tempted to write off the great urban centers of the developing world as almost beyond hope.
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It was to its urban centers that those interested in a better education and a broader range of opportunities were drawn.
centres
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In the case of trusts based on prosperous urban centres , there was a considerable increase in the participation of smaller savers.
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The all-important production of silk, for example, remained located outside the big urban centres throughout the prewar years.
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By the mid-1980s, confrontations were not confined to major urban centres , but were occurring in most parts of the country.
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As for the regionally-planned green field sites for development, they are usually placed near new urban centres deliberately to provide employment.
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The regeneration arena: housing policy as a response to the desire to revitalise declining urban centres and the rural economy.
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With the development of urban centres and religious foundations greater demand would have been placed on the hinterland.
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Ideologically sound sisters moved to hard-to-let housing in depressed urban centres and sold their properties to hotels and banks.
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Secular, economic power gravitated towards the lowlands and to the urban centres in particular.
community
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In recent years the number of initiatives have been increasing rapidly with development concentrated in deprived urban communities .
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The studies sampled selected rural and urban communities or ethnic or religious sub-groups.
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The participant observation techniques in this study were similar to those used in the urban community studies.
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In Britain two examples of cohort studies provide descriptive accounts of patterns of infant care in urban communities .
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Some sort of urban community was already there in embryonic form.
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The three sources are: Firstly the secular, moral and emotional behaviour of characters found in rural or urban communities .
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The Malays were an urban community many of whom lived in Colombo and Hambantota.
core
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However, virtually all were designed at least partially to house people and jobs from the older urban cores .
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These groups tend to locate in the older urban cores as a result of factors examined earlier.
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But there was no abrupt re-orientation of government spending towards the urban cores from 1977 to 1979.
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Why have so many left the older urban cores ?
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It identified a series of constraints impinging on the urban cores and on many of those living within them.
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These functions, as mentioned earlier, are found increasingly beyond the urban cores .
deprivation
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In short, unemployment must be considered as the primary agent causing and maintaining urban deprivation .
design
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This is reflected in the exhibit itself, which is a bit cluttered, but then, so is urban design .
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Enter the emerging and evolving practice of urban design in L.A.
development
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A further category of urban development was the growth of trading and financial centres.
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Towards this end, federal involvement in efforts to guide urban development had to be eliminated or at least dramatically reduced.
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Agriculture has also been the beneficiary of rapid industrial growth and urban development , which have created expanding market opportunities.
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The urban development corporations first introduced by the Conservative government in 1981 are one example of this.
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Similarly, the increasing use of urban development corporations ind Whitehall grants in inner cities would further undermine local authorities.
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They claim, further, that all this stimulated urban development .
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And for this we have to scrutinize the comparative process of urban development .
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Ancient and well-established episcopal churches tended to stabilize subsequent urban development .
district
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It was the ordinary police who prevented a complete collapse of law and order in the loyalist urban districts of Belfast.
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At one time there were no urban districts - they simply grow up around commercial and industrial interests.
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By 1935 the population of the urban districts had grown to 295,000.
dweller
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Furthermore, the causes of fuelwood scarcity must seem remote and diffuse to the average urban dweller .
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What the farmer gets is what the urban dweller pays minus transportation and distribution costs.
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The power that small hill farmers and poorer urban dwellers have in the state apparatus and in society at large is negligible.
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The real customers of the Department of Housing and Urban Development have not been poor urban dwellers , but real estate developers.
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Indeed, Cairenes are among the most resourceful of urban dwellers .
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Census takers historically have undercounted urban dwellers , particularly blacks and ethnic minorities, they argued.
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Dogtags were distributed among urban dwellers to make identification of the dead easier in the aftermath of what seemed inevitable.
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As federal and state support for the cities diminishes, poor urban dwellers will become even more destitute and marginalized.
environment
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By working with others we can demonstrate the real contribution that chartered architects can make in reviving our urban environment .
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Most talked about the need to make a bridge between nature and their school's urban environment .
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In an urban environment , basement flats are not advisable for the single dweller.
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Air pollution and energy conservation aside, private vehicles also come under attack when we consider rural and urban environments .
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It is composed of species adapted to the urban environment and is influenced strongly by the availability of seeds.
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The Industrial Revolution transformed the face of the countryside and thrust workers together in the new urban environments , packed and smoky.
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The high quality of much of Glasgow's urban environment is increasingly important in attracting visitors and investors to the city.
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For one thing they were a rural party in an urban environment .
fringe
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The authors of Conurbation were particularly interesting in their treatment of the urban fringe .
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Land in the urban fringe is also at a premium for recreation, whether for rambling or for sports and recreation grounds.
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Most of the conflicts concerning agriculture and amenity also occur in a particularly acute form on the urban fringe .
growth
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The condition of insecurity which often prompts people to migrate to towns means that urban growth occurs under highly unfavourable circumstances.
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The need now was for urban policies that matched the new challenges posed by the economics of urban growth and decline.
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Under what circumstances has urban growth occurred?
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Demographers estimate that about 60 percent of recent urban growth has resulted from high birthrates in the cities themselves.
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Suburban sanctuaries often became the foci for further urban growth .
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Excellent displays show how animals and plants are displaced by urban growth and the consequences of pollution.
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This was largely because these were areas in which planning authorities were aimed at containing urban growth and preserving open country.
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Low farm prices have also forced farmers off the land and into the city, even as urban growth consumes valuable farmland.
landscape
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The cycle of death leads us on towards the urban landscape that follows.
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This splendid lithograph by Bourne gives one a vivid idea of the impact of the railway on urban landscapes .
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Even in today's greatly changed urban landscape , the K ppersm hle in Duisburg is still a striking city landmark.
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Another photograph of an industrial and urban landscape that no longer exists.
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Demolition firms and builders are busy changing the urban landscapes .
life
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They have, through happenstance, and the nature of urban life that crunches lives and experiences together, simply become entangled.
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Many who live in the unincorporated metro-area come here to escape the hassles of urban life .
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Then, from discussing modern urban life , Eliot makes a remarkable leap.
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The fluctuations, then, are well within the range of ordinary urban life and hardly noticeable to humans.
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We want to say quite explicitly that the language with which the problems of contemporary urban life are addressed is necessarily problematic.
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As the seventies progressed, the center of gravity of much of urban life seemed to shift.
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But even without this unbuilt scheme there were enough dramatic changes in urban life to defeat conventional interpretations.
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Obviously, in the increasingly crowded cage of urban life we have had to adapt.
planner
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It remains to be seen whether the archaeologists will win out over the urban planners .
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Traditional building materials tend to imply low-rise housing, and urban planners have an ambivalent attitude to low-rise.
policy
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Clinton has pledged to refocus attention on the crumbling cities of the United States, with a new urban policy .
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In the context of urban policy this meant that cities must follow the lead of private enterprise.
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Hence, the Reagan urban policy celebrates the themes of deregulation, decentralization and privatization.
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However, Labour's urban policy can not be perceived as anything other than meagre.
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The need now was for urban policies that matched the new challenges posed by the economics of urban growth and decline.
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The corollary of this is the increasing emphasis that has been placed on urban policies , such as Inner-City Partnerships and Enterprise Zones.
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Under federal law, however, the President must send a national urban policy report to Congress every other year.
population
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With the urban population growing towards 320 million by the year 2000, social and political tensions are likely to increase.
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The apparent increasing prevalence of depression and mental-health disorders in ageing and socially fragmented urban populations .
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There may be a number of reasons why urban population loss has moderated.
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Substantial parts of the urban population were better off in material terms and there had been changes in attitudes.
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Yet not only was the urban population rapidly increasing, it was becoming ever more complex and articulate.
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Surveys in the 1970s showed that 40 percent of Britain's urban population suffered from traffic-induced noise.
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Without these, the dense urban populations of the twentieth century would not have been possible.
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National statistics show there has been a general decline in Britain's urban population .
poverty
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It may be that urban poverty then was no worse than poverty in the country.
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Can the problems of urban poverty be blamed on individual pathology?
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These policies were inpart based on assumptions about the causes of rural and urban poverty and low growth.
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The core issue is that of urban poverty .
problem
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A range of policy innovations were needed to overcome or to moderate the urban problems .
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The definition of the urban problem had changed dramatically.
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Overcrowding was not just an urban problem .
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Unlike some of its counterpart urban problems commissions, the Housing Commission was active-meeting monthly-and influential almost from the beginning.
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To bring the argument full circle, one frequently-neglected aspect of the urban problem is the political dimension.
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Once again it was asserted that urban problems resulted from too little private investment and their resolution required an extension of privatism.
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The search for comprehensive solutions to complex urban problems has once again defied disciplinary and professional boundaries.
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Still, urban problems intensify, as the example of Cairo makes plain.
regeneration
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Outlines two policy scenarios, one focusing on urban regeneration and the other on rural protection and urban compaction.
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The retraction of finances from city coffers calls into question the government's real commitment to urban regeneration .
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We will support Urban Development Corporations in their critical task of urban regeneration .
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Lax local authority policies and the undermining of policies of restraint on appeal, severely undermine processes of urban regeneration .
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The use of sport to help or lead urban regeneration is often centred on conspicuous facilities designed to host major events.
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There can be no doubt about the need for urban regeneration in the Cardiff docklands.
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It seems in retrospect that the Task Force in Merseyside was driven by Heseltine's particular vision of urban regeneration .
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Over the past six or seven years we have been victims of the city council's urban regeneration strategy.
renewal
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An important issue associated with urban renewal concerned the locus of program control.
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In the fifth century the popes embarked, in alliance with the local aristocracy, on a programme of urban renewal .
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Critics point out the neighborhood had been living under the threat of condemnation for 10 years, while urban renewal was debated.
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Bellway Homes urban renewals division is building 140 two and three-bedroomed houses and flats for sale at Netherfields Green.
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Once urban renewal was complete, it would be hard for newcomers to know that anything else had ever been there.
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This area has seen much urban renewal over the past few years, with £6 million spent on rebuilding and refurbishment programmes.
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The urban renewal administrative process drew considerable criticism because it was so long and encumbered with red tape.
school
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The displacement of large numbers of rural dwellers to urban areas has increased overcrowding in urban schools .
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Moreover, many of our urban school systems are in crisis.
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As parents choose where to send their children some small schools are being by-passed for the larger urban schools.
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Two years ago, he was honored by fellow urban school chiefs.
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Schools are often the target for petty acts of vandalism and urban schools in particular sometimes suffer from graffiti attacks.
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The influx of fresh cash did enable Richmond Unified to become a model urban school district.
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Suburbs are almost universally middle or upper-middle class; their homogeneity is even more monolithic than urban schools .
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Even in urban schools , physical conditions are often difficult.
society
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It was egalitarian and free from the weakening and divisive influence of the Roman world and of urban society .
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Both, in fact, were based on urban societies enjoying the benefits of trade and riches.
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We started with the best of intentions, to heal the new wounds of an industrial, urban society .
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But from Gujarat east, the urban societies were committed to Hindu and Hindu-Buddhist traditions.
sociology
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The result was an urban sociology which came very close to that which we have been developing in this book.
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To adequately understand the beginnings of urban sociology we need to develop this theme a little further.
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The question must arise, therefore, why this kind of urban sociology has become unfashionable.
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The time has come to start using these concepts and arguments in relation to present-day urban sociology .
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Political economy and class perspectives on urban sociology lend little credence to this type of analysis.
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Contemporary Marxist urban sociology places much less emphasis on the supposed necessity for the state to be engaged in collective consumption.
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They have broken the mould of the old structuralist and determinist urban sociology .
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This kind of understanding is quite distinct from that usually associated with contemporary urban sociology .
sprawl
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This factor had considerable importance in engendering urban sprawl .
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It negates home-field advantage for home-grown retailers and contributes to urban sprawl .
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Ribbon development, urban sprawl and scattered housing were all brought under reasonable control.
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Nor are the results of urban sprawl always aesthetic.
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A fictionalised countryside comes back to brighten the dark heart of the urban sprawl .
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If you want the definition of urban sprawl , look at one-acre or three-acre lots.
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These powers were permissive, and in most of Britain urban sprawl and ribbon development continued more or less unabated.
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They soon left the urban sprawl of roundabouts, sodium streetlights and Wimpey homes and Dexter began to speed along country lanes.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
centre of population/urban centre
inner city/urban renewal
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Recent approaches to inner city renewal have relied very heavily on institutional innovations and tighter targeting of expenditure patterns.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
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urban growth
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urban unemployment
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China's growing urban population
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post-war urban planning
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the urban population
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The problem of air pollution is especially serious in urban areas.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
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Furthermore, one way of saving money has been to allow larger classes, with severe overcrowding in some urban primary classrooms.
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Larger urban dioceses in the Northeast, including the Archdiocese of Boston, have yet to experience any serious shortage of priests.
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So stations call themselves urban to make themselves more attractive to those agencies which would never buy a black station.
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We recommend immediate large-scale immunisation of the urban population, as well as tightened surveillance and appropriate vector control.
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We will double the number of Safer Cities Schemes to cover 40 urban areas.