transcription, транскрипция: [ kən-ˈstrān ]
transitive verb
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French constraindre, from Latin constringere to constrict, constrain, from com- + stringere to draw tight — more at strain
Date: 14th century
1.
a. : to force by imposed stricture, restriction, or limitation
b. : to restrict the motion of (a mechanical body) to a particular mode
2. : compress ; also : to clasp tightly
3. : to secure by or as if by bonds : confine ; broadly : limit
4. : to force or produce in an unnatural or strained manner
a constrain ed smile
5. : to hold back by or as if by force
constrain ing my mind not to wander from the task — Charles Dickens
Synonyms: see force
• con·strained·ly -ˈstrā-nəd-lē, -ˈstrānd-lē adverb