(1847-1910) Professor at Boston; liberal Methodist
philosopher; wrote 1. The Essence of Religion ; Metaphysics ; and 2. Personalism . Popularized personal idealism and emphasized the immanence of God; Philosophy of Spirit ; spirit is ultimate reality but not same as Hegelian thought; man not only a purely physical being but also a spiritual one; all things (even inanimate things) have a kind of spiritual life of their own; emphasized on spirit as the agent of action, rather than merely thought; strong empirical emphasized