ˌ ̷ ̷ ̷ ̷ˈgāshən noun
( -s )
Etymology: Middle English castigacioun, from Latin castigation-, castigatio, from castigatus + -ion-, -io -ion
1.
a. : severe punishment : chastisement
b. : severe reproof or critcism
2. : revision or correction (of a literary text)