Islamic speculative theology.
It arose during the Umayyad dynasty over varying interpretations of the Qur 0101; n and over questions the Qur 02BE; 0101; n provoked, including those on predestination, free will, and the nature of God. The most prominent early school was the 8th-century Mutazilah , which asserted the supremacy of reason, championed free will, and rejected an anthropomorphic characterization of God. The 10th-century school of Ashariyyah moved kal 0101; m back toward traditional faith, accepting, for example, the eternal, uncreated nature of the Qur 02BE; 0101; n and its literal truth. The school also represented the successful adaptation of Hellenistic philosophical reasoning to Muslim orthodox theology.