BASAVAN

flourished 16th century, , India an outstanding Mughal painter, renowned as a superb colourist and as a sensitive observer of human nature. His name indicates that he may have been a member of the Ahir, or cowherders' caste, in the region of modern Uttar Pradesh. He was most active between about 1580 and 1600, and his name appears on the margins of more than 100 paintings, most often as the designer, in collaboration with a second artist who applied the colour. A son, Manohar, became celebrated for his animal studies and portraits. Abu-ul-Fazl 'Allami, the emperor Akbar's historiographer, wrote of Basavan: In designing and portrait painting and colouring and painting illusionistically . . . he became unrivalled in the world. Basavan was noted for his exploration of space, for the depth and richness of his glowing colours, and above all for his keen powers of observation and sensitive, often moving, characterizations. Among the handful of miniatures that can be definitely attributed as solely his work is an illustration of the prose and verse work Baharestan, by the Persian poet Jami, showing a mullah, or religious leader, rebuking a dervish for pride (Bodleian Library, Oxford); and an illustration of the Darab-nameh (Book of Darius) in the British Museum. Many of his compositions are found in the Jaipur Razm-nameh (the Persian name for the Indian epic the Mahabharata), the Patna Timur-nameh (Book of Timur), and the Victoria and Albert Museum's copy of Akbar's official history, the Akbar-nameh. Basavan appears to have studied the European paintings that were brought to Akbar's court by Jesuit missionaries, though Western influence is never predominant in his work.