DALHOUSIE, JAMES ANDREW BROUN RAMSAY, MARQUESS AND ...

born April 22, 1812, Dalhousie Castle, Midlothian, Scot. died Dec. 19, 1860, Dalhousie Castle British governor-general of India from 1847 to 1856, who is accounted the creator both of the map of modern India, through his conquests and annexations of independent provinces, and of the centralized Indian state. So radical were Dalhousie's changes and so widespread the resentment they caused that his policies were frequently held responsible for the Indian Mutiny in 1857, one year after his retirement. Additional reading William Lee-Warner, The Life of the Marquis of Dalhousie, 2 vol. (1904, reprinted 1972), the standard biography; M.N. Das, Studies in the Economic and Social Development of Modern India, 184856 (1959), a careful account of Dalhousie's economic and social policies; M.A. Rahim, Lord Dalhousie's Administration of the Conquered and Annexed States (1963), an argument for the position that the advantages Dalhousie expected from annexation were precluded by the difficulties of introducing British rule; S.N. Prasad, Paramountcy Under Dalhousie (1964), an analysis of Dalhousie's policy toward Indian rulers.