JAMES, P.D.

born Aug. 3, 1920, Oxford, Oxfordshire, Eng. byname of Phyllis Dorothy James, Baroness James, married name White British mystery novelist best known for her fictional detective Adam Dalgliesh of Scotland Yard. The daughter of a middle-grade civil servant, James grew up in the university town of Cambridge. Her formal education, however, ended at age 16 because of lack of funds, and she was thereafter self-educated. In 1941 she married a medical student and future physician, who came home from wartime service mentally deranged and spent much of the rest of his life in psychiatric hospitals. To support her family (which included two children), she took work in hospital administration and, after her husband's death in 1964, became a civil servant in the criminal section of the Department of Home Affairs. Her first mystery novel, Cover Her Face, appeared in 1962 and was followed by six more mysteries before she retired from government service in 1979 to devote full time to writing. A number of her stories were turned into television plays. She was named a life peer in 1991. James's master detective, Dalgliesh, who rises in her novels from chief inspector to chief superintendant and then to commander, is a serious, introspective person, moralistic yet realistic. The novels in which he appears are peopled by fully rounded characters, civilized, genteel, and motivated.