PILGRIM BOTTLE

vessel with a body varying from an almost full circle, flattened, to a pear shape, with a shortish neck, spreading foot and, generally, two loops on the shoulders. Through the loops either a chain or cord was passed for carrying the bottle or for maintaining the stopper in place. Pilgrim bottles date to ancient Roman times in the West and to 7th-century China in the East. They were made in a wide range of materials, including earthenware, porcelain, silver, and glass, and also in more perishable materials such as leather. Originally, these vessels may have been carried by travelers on their journeys; but the ones that have survived are so sumptuous that their function was probably purely ornamental, or, if they were used, it must have beenas in the case of some of the traveling tea or coffee sets in Meissenexclusively by the very wealthy. Pottery pilgrim bottles are found in China from the T'ang dynasty (618907), possibly imitations of even earlier metal prototypes dating as far back as the Chou dynasty (1111255 BC). In 16th-century Europe, metal pilgrim bottlesgenerally of silver or silver gilt and probably of Chinese inspirationwere made mainly in Augsburg, Ger.; they were also made in coloured glass (generally green) with ormolu, or gilded brass, mounts. Along with the Chinese blue-and-white Ming (13681644) pilgrim bottles, the most famous are the pear-shaped stoneware bottles made at Meissen by Johann Friedrich Bttger.