SIDEBAR:ROCK AND RADIO IN THE UNITED STATES

Additional reading Arnold Passman, The Deejays (1971), was the first attempt at a history of radio in the rock era. Although its writing style is dated and often guilty of overreaching and preaching, it covers most of the pioneer disc jockeys and the major issues. Whereas Passman was passionate about radio as an art form and as a voice for communities, Claude Hall and Barbara Hall, This Business of Radio Programming (1977), offers the flip side; written by the former radio editor of Billboard and his wife and designed for students and industry professionals, it features lengthy interviews with executives, programmers, and personalities as well as overviews on the radio business, audience measurement, research, music selection, promotions, and other aspects of the industry. A solid overview of radio from the Golden Age through FM is provided in Peter Fornatale and Joshua E. Mills, Radio in the Television Age (1980). Wes Smith, The Pied Pipers of Rock 'n' Roll: Radio Deejays of the 50s and 60s (1989), updates The Deejays . Smith, a journalist, looks at the music as well as the men and women who broadcast it and offers lengthy profiles of selected disc jockeys, including Dick Biondi and Wolfman Jack (Bob Smith). The Wolfman tells his own story with warmth and passion and a few well-placed howls in Wolfman Jack and Byron Laursen, Have Mercy!: Confessions of the Original Rock 'n' Roll Animal (1995). Although not a Top 40 deejay by definition, the Wolfman sheds light on the mysterious world of border radio, of Southern stations that advertised snake oil, and on his own travels from Alan Freed groupie to radio and television superstar. The definitive biographies of two of the most influential rock and roll broadcasters are John A. Jackson, Big Beat Heat: Alan Freed and the Early Years of Rock & Roll (1991, reissued 1995), and American Bandstand: Dick Clark and the Making of a Rock 'n' Roll Empire (1997, reissued 1999). Michael C. Keith, Voices in the Purple Haze: Underground Radio and the Sixties (1997), chronicles Top 40's chief competition and includes interviews with such pioneers and participants as Raechel Donahue, Scott Muni, Charles Laquidara, and Larry Miller. Ben Fong-Torres, The Hits Just Keep on Coming: The History of Top 40 Radio (1998), includes interviews with Bill Drake, Robert W. Morgan, Dick Clark, Joe Niagara, Gary Owens, Casey Kasem, Scott Shannon, Rick Dees, and others.