STATISTICS: MADAGASCAR

Madagascar Official name: Repoblikan`i Madagasikara (Malagasy); Rpublique de Madagascar (French) (Republic of Madagascar). Form of government: federal multiparty republic with one legislative house (National Assembly ). Heads of state and government: President assisted by Prime Minister. Capital: Antananarivo. Official languages:{1}. Official religion: none. Monetary unit: 1 Malagasy franc (FMG) = 100 centimes; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = FMG 5,300; 1 = FMG 9,023. Demography Population (1998): 14,463,000. Density (1998): persons per sq mi 63.8, persons per sq km 24.6. Urban-rural (1991): urban 24.4%; rural 75.6%. Sex distribution (1993): male 49.55%; female 50.45%. Age breakdown (1995): under 15, 46.1%; 15-29, 26.2%; 30-44, 15.2%; 45-59, 8.0%; 60-74, 3.8%; 75 and over, 0.7%. Population projection: (2000) 15,295,000; (2010) 20,096,000. Doubling time: 25 years. Ethnic composition (1983): Malagasy 98.9%, of which Merina 26.6%, Betsimisaraka 14.9%, Betsileo 11.7%, Tsimihety 7.4%, Sakalava 6.4%, Antandroy 5.3%; Comorian 0.3%; Indian and Pakistani 0.2%; French 0.2%; Chinese 0.1%; other 0.3%. Religious affiliation (1997): traditional beliefs 52.0%; Christian 41.0%, of which Roman Catholic 21.3%, Protestant 19.7%; Muslim 7.0%. Major cities (1993): Antananarivo 1,052,835; Toamasina 127,441; Antsirabe 120,239; Mahajanga 100,807; Fianarantsoa 99,005. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1996): 42.6 (world avg. 25.0). Death rate per 1,000 population (1996): 14.4 (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1996): 28.2 (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1996): 5.9. Marriage rate per 1,000 population: n.a. Divorce rate per 1,000 population: n.a. Life expectancy at birth (1996): male 51.1 years; female 53.3 years. Major causes of death per 100,000 population: n.a.; however, major causes of death in the early 1990s included maternal and perinatal diseases, malaria, infectious and parasitic diseases, malnutrition, diarrhea, and respiratory diseases. National economy Budget (1995). Revenue: FMG 1,138,300,000,000 (taxes 97.6%, of which duties on trade 55.7%, value-added tax 20.4%, income tax 14.4%; nontax receipts 2.4%). Expenditures: FMG 1,888,700,000,000 (current expenditure 79.7%, of which debt service 31.6%, education 10.0%, general administration 7.7%, defense 6.1%, health 3.9%, agriculture 0.7%; capital expenditure 20.3%). Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1996): paddy rice 2,600,000, cassava 2,450,000, sugarcane 2,200,000, sweet potatoes 500,000, potatoes 280,000, bananas 230,000, mangoes 202,000, corn (maize) 180,000, taro 140,000, oranges 83,000, coconuts 83,000, coffee 72,000, dry beans 70,000, pineapples 50,000, peanuts (groundnuts) 37,000, seed cotton 30,000, livestock (number of live animals) 10,320,000 cattle, 1,629,000 pigs, 1,329,000 goats, 756,000 sheep, 16,000,000 chickens; roundwood (1994) 9,151,000 cu m; fish catch (1995) 120,140. Mining and quarrying (1995): salt 80,000; chromite ore 74,000; graphite 13,900; mica 387; gold 200 kg{2}; in addition, a wide variety of semiprecious stones and gemstones are produced. Manufacturing (1995): cotton cloth 25,000,000, refined sugar 89,474, cement 45,009, soap 15,000, tobacco products 1,936, beer 318,842 hectolitres, fuel oil 177,329 cu m, gas oil 129,227 cu m, kerosene 110,764 cu m, gasoline 87,905 cu m, shoes 972,000 pairs. Construction (1986){3}: residential 19,700 sq m; nonresidential 5,700 sq m. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1994) 605,000,000 (605,000,000); coal (metric tons; 1994) none (14,000); crude petroleum (barrels; 1994) none (1,450,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 1994) 185,000 (348,000); natural gas, none (n.a.). Household income and expenditure. Average household size (1993) 4.6{3}; average annual income per household: n.a.; sources of income (1975){4}: wages and salaries 58.8%, self-employment 14.1%, other 27.1%; expenditure (1983){3}{5}: food 60.4%, fuel and light 9.1%, clothing and footwear 8.6%, household goods and utensils 2.4%. Gross national product (1996): U.S.$3,428,000,000 (U.S.$250 per capita). Population economically active (1993): total 5,914,000; activity rate of total population 48.9% (participation rates : ages 15-64, 74.9%; female 39.3%; unemployed 0.6%). Public debt (external, outstanding; 1996): U.S.$3,589,000,000. Land use (1994): forest 39.9%; pasture 41.3%; agriculture 5.3%; other 13.5%. Tourism (1995): visitors U.S.$60,000,000; U.S.$59,000,000. Foreign trade Imports (1994): FMG 1,150,780,000,000 (capital equipment 20.2%; food 16.8%, of which rice 6.9%; raw materials and spare parts 15.8%; nonfood consumer goods 15.3%; crude petroleum 11.4%). Major import sources (1995): France 30.5%; Germany 10.3%; Iran 10.3%; South Africa 6.5%; Japan 6.1%. Exports (1994): FMG 849,960,000,000 (coffee 18.0%; vanilla 16.7%; shrimp 13.2%; cotton fabrics 2.9%; cloves and clove oil 2.6%; sugar 2.2%). Major export destinations (1995): France 29.2%; U.S. 6.7%; Japan 6.4%; Runion 6.1%; Italy 5.6%; Belgium-Luxembourg 5.0%. Transport Transport. Railroads (1991): route length 640 mi, 1,030 km; passenger-mi 152,000,000, passenger-km 245,000,000; short ton-mi cargo 90,000,000, metric ton-km cargo 132,000,000. Roads (1995): total length 30,968 mi, 49,837 km (paved 15%). Vehicles (1992): passenger cars 47,711; trucks and buses 34,341. Merchant marine (1992): vessels (100 gross tons and over) 85; total deadweight tonnage 82,077. Air transport (1996): passenger-mi 409,440,000, passenger-km 658,913,000; short ton-mi cargo 12,122,000, metric ton-km cargo 17,697,000; airports (1994) with scheduled flights 44. Education and health Educational attainment: n.a. Literacy (1995): percentage of total population age 15 and over literate 45.7%; males literate 59.8%; females literate 32.0%. Health: physicians (1990) 1,392 (1 per 8,279 persons); hospital beds (1989) 10,900 (1 per 1,029 persons); infant mortality rate (1996) 93.3. Food (1995): daily per capita caloric intake 2,009 (vegetable products 91%, animal products 9%); 89% of FAO recommended minimum requirement. Military Total active duty personnel (1997): 21,000 (army 95.2%, navy 2.4%, air force 2.4%). Military expenditure as percentage of GNP (1995): 0.9% (world 2.8%); per capita expenditure U.S.$2. {1} The 1992 constitution identifies Malagasy as the "national" language, although neither Malagasy nor French, the languages of the two official texts of the constitution, is itself "official." {2} 1994. {3} Antananarivo only. {4} Malagasy households only. {5} Weights of consumer price index components; excludes housing.