WRIGHT, WILBUR AND ORVILLE

born April 16, 1867, near Millville, Ind., U.S. died May 30, 1912, Dayton, Ohio born Aug. 19, 1871, Dayton died Jan. 30, 1948, Dayton American brothers, inventors, and aviation pioneers who achieved the first powered, sustained, and controlled airplane flight (1903) and built and flew the first fully practical airplane (1905). Additional reading Marvin W. McFarland (ed.), The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, 2 vol. (1953, reprinted 1990), is the single most valuable published source of information on the Wright brothers, combining critically important original documents with analytical notes and other materials that clarify the most difficult technical issues and illuminate the story of the invention of the airplane. Biographies include Fred C. Kelly, The Wright Brothers (1943, reprinted 1989), a work authorized by Orville Wright, which, although dated, is still worth reading; Fred Howard, Wilbur and Orville (1987), straightforward, accurate, and detailed; and Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop's Boys (1989), a solid, comprehensive study of the Wrights' life and times combining biographical insight with a clear presentation of technical issuesthe work also provides a detailed account of the social, cultural, and political impact of the brothers and their invention. Arthur G. Renstrom, Wilbur & Orville Wright (1975), combines a day-by-day chronology of the major events in the Wrights' lives and careers with a detailed list of their flights, 190018. Peter L. Jakab, Visions of a Flying Machine (1990), emphasizes the approach of the Wright brothers to technical problem solving and explores the step-by-step process by which they invented the airplane. Tom D. Crouch