noun
1 operation of a country's money supply
ADJECTIVE
▪ booming , buoyant ( esp. BrE ), dynamic , healthy , prosperous , robust , sound , stable , strong , thriving , vibrant
▪ expanding , growing
▪ improving , recovering , strengthening
▪ ailing , bad ( esp. AmE ), declining , depressed , failing , faltering , flagging , moribund , sagging ( esp. AmE ), slowing , sluggish , slumping ( esp. AmE ), sputtering ( esp. AmE ), stagnant , struggling , troubled , weakening
▪
The government devalued the currency to try to revive the flagging ~.
▪ fragile , vulnerable , weak
▪ overheated
▪ bubble
▪
In order for our bubble ~ to continue expanding, Americans must continue spending.
▪ competitive
▪ sustainable
▪ advanced , developed , modern
▪ developing , emerging , new , third-world
▪ agrarian , agricultural , capitalist , free-market , industrial , industrialized , knowledge-based , liberal , market , mixed , monetary , planned , political , rural , socialist
▪
a modern industrial ~
▪ domestic , global , globalized , internal , international , local , national , world
▪
the increasingly competitive global ~
▪ black , illicit ( AmE ), informal , underground
▪
The black ~ booms when there is high unemployment.
VERB + ECONOMY
▪ build , create , rebuild
▪
Each party has its own strategy for building a strong ~.
▪ control , handle , manage , regulate , run
▪
The government was accused of failing to run the ~ competently.
▪ bolster , boost , develop , expand , grow ( esp. AmE ), improve , jump-start , kick-start , rescue , revitalize , revive , spur , stimulate , strengthen
▪ cripple , damage , destabilize , destroy , devastate , disrupt , harm , hurt , ruin , undermine , weaken , wreck
▪ drive , fuel
▪
Income from this exported crop drove the ~ of Mali.
▪ slow
▪
Government measures to slow the ~ failed to curb fuel demand growth.
▪ shape , transform
▪
This massive retailer has been shaping the ~ for a decade.
▪ benefit , help , support , sustain
▪
We want to support the local ~.
▪ threaten
▪
Should we be worried that a dollar crisis threatens the ~?
▪ fix ( esp. AmE ), stabilize
▪ reform , restructure
▪ liberalize , modernize
▪
Japan has successfully modernized its ~.
▪ diversify
▪
Cuba should have been able to diversify its ~.
▪ dominate
▪
Tourism clearly dominates the local ~.
ECONOMY + VERB
▪ boom , develop , expand , flourish , grow , improve
▪ be in recession , go into recession
▪ collapse , contract , decline , fail , falter , shrink , slow , stagnate , struggle , suffer
▪ pick up , rebound , recover , stabilize , turn around , turn round ( esp. BrE )
▪ be based on sth
▪
The region has an ~ based on services and finance.
▪ emerge from sth
▪
The South African ~ emerged from decades of international isolation.
▪ experience sth
▪
It has been a while since the ~ experienced a deep economic downturn.
▪ function , operate , perform
▪
The ~ is functioning very poorly.
▪ move
▪
It's the industry which keeps our national ~ moving.
▪ hum ( AmE ), hum along ( esp. AmE )
▪
The ~ is humming along at a healthy 4% pace.
▪ create sth , generate sth , produce sth
PHRASES
▪ an area of the ~ , a sector of the ~
▪
Drivers are needed in all sectors of the ~.
▪ the backbone of the ~ , the mainstay of the ~
▪
Agriculture was the backbone of the ~.
▪ a downturn in the ~ , a downturn of the ~
▪
A downturn in the ~ is affecting many small businesses.
▪ growth in the ~ , growth of the ~
▪
A small manufacturing sector inhibits growth in the ~.
▪ control, handling, management, etc. of the ~
▪
37% approved the president's handling of the ~.
▪ the size of the ~ , the state of the ~
▪
The government has been criticized over the state of the ~.
2 careful use of money/time/resources
ADJECTIVE
▪ significant
▪ false
▪
Buying cheap shoes is a false ~.
▪ fuel
▪
The company has improved the fuel ~ of all its vehicles.
VERB + ECONOMY
▪ achieve , make
▪
We could achieve major economies in time with this new machinery.
ECONOMY + NOUN
▪ drive ( BrE )
▪
Savings are being planned as part of a huge ~ drive.
PREPOSITION
▪ ~ in
▪
possible economies in telephone costs
PHRASES
▪ ~ of effort , ~ of movement
▪
It was impressive to see her ~ of movement as she worked the machine.
▪ ~ of scale
▪
Bigger markets can provide significant economies of scale.