n.
born Feb. 12, 1893, Clark, Mo., U.S.
died April 8, 1981, New York, N.Y.
U.S. army commander.
After graduating from West Point, he directed the army's infantry school at the start of World War II. In 1943 he commanded U.S. forces in the North Africa Campaign and contributed directly to the fall of Tunisia to the Allies; he then led the successful invasion of Sicily. As commander of the 1st Army, he helped plan the invasion of France and took part in the Normandy Campaign and the liberation of Paris. As commander of the 12th Army, the largest U.S. force ever placed under one general, he oversaw European operations until the German surrender. After the war he was appointed head of veterans' affairs (194547) and chief of staff of the army (194849). Admired by both officers and men, he was chosen the first chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (194953) and promoted to General of the Army (1950).