n.
Spanish Isabel
born Oct. 10, 1830, Madrid, Spain
died April 9, 1904, Paris, France
Queen of Spain (183368).
She was the daughter of Ferdinand VII , and the issue of her succession to the throne precipitated the First Carlist War (see Carlism ). During her minority (183343), her mother and Baldomero Espartero acted as regents; in 1843 Espartero was deposed by military officers, and Isabella was declared of age. Liberal opposition to the regime's authoritarianism, scandalous reports about her private life, and her arbitrary political interference led to the Revolution of 1868, which drove her into exile. She abdicated in favour of her son, Alfonso XII .