born Sept. 11, 1917, Sarrat, Phil.
died Sept. 28, 1989, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.
Philippine head of state (196686).
The son of a politician, he practiced as a trial lawyer before serving under Manuel Roxas , the first president of the independent Philippines. He was himself elected president in 1966. In his first term he made progress in agriculture, industry, and education, but in 1972 he imposed martial law, and his later years in power were noted for rampant government corruption, economic stagnation, political repression, and the steady growth of a communist insurgency. Following public outcry over the assassination of the opposition leader Benigno Aquino (193283) and Marcos's apparently fraudulent electoral victory over Aquino's widow, Corazon Aquino , Marcos was forced into exile in Hawaii, U.S. There he and his wife, Imelda, were indicted on racketeering charges related to embezzling billions of dollars from the Philippine economy. After his death she returned to the Philippines, where she was tried and convicted of corruption; the ruling was later overturned.