SAN MARCOS

city, seat (1848) of Hays county, south-central Texas, U.S., on the San Marcos River, 31 miles (50 km) southwest of Austin. Franciscan missionaries probably first saw the river on St. Mark's Day in 1709. The original Spanish settlement, Villa de San Marcos de Neve, established in 1807 at the Camino Real river crossing, was abandoned in 1812. Resettled by Anglo-Americans in 1846 and laid out in 1851, it developed as an agricultural and ranching centre. It was chartered as a city in 1877, and its growth was boosted by the foundation there of Southwest Texas State University (1899). The city's small farm-based industries and light manufacturing are augmented by tourism. Notable tourist attractions include Aquarena Springs (including hanging gardens, submarine theatre, and caves) at the headwaters of the San Marcos River, the Wonder World Cave, and the annual (June) Texas Water Safari. Pop. (1990) 28,743.