n.
Painting applied to and made integral with the surface of a wall or ceiling.
Its roots can be found in the universal desire that led prehistoric peoples to create cave paintings
the desire to decorate their surroundings and express their ideas and beliefs. The Romans produced large numbers of murals in Pompeii and Ostia, but mural painting (not synonymous with fresco ) reached its highest degree of creative achievement in Europe with the work of such Renaissance masters as Masaccio , Fra Angelico , Leonardo da Vinci , Michelangelo , and Raphael . In the 20th century, the mural was embraced by artists of the Cubist and Fauve movements in Paris, revolutionary painters in Mexico (e.g., Diego Rivera , José Clemente Orozco , David Alfaro Siqueiros ), and Depression-era artists under the sponsorship of the U.S. government (e.g., Ben Shahn , Thomas Hart Benton ).