n.
In materials processing, the first step in casting and molding processes, the making of an accurate model of the part, somewhat oversize to allow for shrinkage of the cast material as it cools.
Foundry workers then make a mold from the pattern, introduce the liquid into the mold, and remove the hardened part from the mold. The processing of materials in liquid form is commonly known as casting when it involves metals, glass, and ceramics; it is called molding when it involves plastics and some other nonmetallic materials. Patternmaking is a highly skilled trade learned by apprenticeship.