n.
Theological and philosophical movement, beginning in the 11th century, that sought to integrate the secular understanding of the ancient world, as exemplified by Aristotle , with the dogma implicit in the revelations of Christianity.
Its aim was a synthesis of learning in which theology surmounted the hierarchy of knowledge. Principal figures in early Scholasticism were Peter Abelard , St. Anselm of Canterbury , St. Albertus Magnus , and Roger Bacon . The movement flourished in the 13th century, drawing on the writings and doctrines of St. Thomas Aquinas . By the 14th century Scholasticism was in decline, but it had laid the foundations for many revivals and revisitations in later centuries, particularly under Pope Leo XIII (1879), who sought to modernize the insights of the medieval scholastics. Modern philosophers influenced by Scholasticism include Jacques Maritain and Étienne Gilson (18841978).