(1894) Korean peasant rebellion that sparked the Sino-Japanese War .
Despite being persecuted for it, impoverished peasants turned increasingly to Tonghak ("Eastern Learning"; see Ch' 014F; ndogyo ), a syncretic, nationalistic religion that opposed Western culture and espoused equality of all people. When demonstrations staged by Tonghak followers calling for social reform met with a negative government response, the peasantry united with them in a rebellion that succeeded in defeating government troops in southern Korea. The government called on China for aid; Japan sent in troops without being asked, and China and Japan clashed. The rebels laid down their arms to defuse tensions; nevertheless, the Sino-Japanese War ensued. The leaders of the uprising, including Ch'oe Si-hy 014F; ng , were executed.