born 0441; AD 586, Mecca, Arabian Peninsula
died Nov. 3, 644, Medina
Second Muslim caliph (634644).
He initially opposed the Prophet Muhammad but became a Muslim 0441; 615. His daughter 1E24; af 1E63; ah married Muhammad in 625. He was nominated by Ab 016B; Bakr as his successor. As caliph he spread Islam to Egypt, Syria, and Persia. His innovations affected taxation, social welfare, and the empire's entire financial and administrative fabric, and he was noted for his justice, social ideals, and candour.