born Aug. 10, 1861, Middleton Tyas, Yorkshire, Eng.
died April 30, 1947, Farnham Common, Buckinghamshire
British bacteriologist and immunologist.
While teaching at the Army Medical School in Netley (from 1892), he developed a typhoid immunization that used killed typhoid bacilli. It made Britain the only country with troops immunized against typhoid at the start of World War I, the first war in which fewer British soldiers died of infection than from trauma. He also developed vaccine s against enteric tuberculosis and pneumonia. He was well known for advancing autogenous vaccines (vaccines prepared from a patient's own bacteria).