born Dec. 27, 1860, Skippack, Pa., U.S.
died Sept. 5, 1937, Philadelphia, Pa.
U.S. bacteriologist.
He taught school before attending the University of Pennsylvania, where he earned a doctorate in public health. He subsequently became director of biological research for the National Drug Company in Philadelphia. He is best remembered as the primary author of Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology , a reference for classification of bacteria, and he researched such varied topics as tuberculosis, food preservatives, phagocytosis (engulfment of particles by cells), and allergic reactions.