or Jacobins
Political group of the French Revolution , identified with extreme radicalism and violence.
Formed in 1789 as the Society of the Friends of the Constitution, it was known as the Jacobin Club because it met in a former convent of the Dominicans (known in Paris as Jacobins). It was originally formed by deputies of the National Assembly to protect the Revolution's gains against a possible aristocratic reaction. Although it did not have a direct role in overthrowing the monarchy in 1792, the club later changed its name to Society of the Jacobins, Friends of Liberty and Equality. It admitted leftist Montagnard deputies of the National Convention and agitated for the king's execution and the overthrow of the Girondin s. In 1793, with about 8,000 clubs and 500,000 members, the Jacobins became instruments of the Reign of Terror . The Parisian club supported Maximilien Robespierre , but it closed after his fall in 1794. Although officially banned, some local clubs lasted until 1800.