born May 6, 1853, Brownsville, Pa., U.S.
died Oct. 12, 1921, Washington, D.C.
U.S. lawyer and politician.
After admission to the bar in 1875 he became a successful corporation lawyer in Pittsburgh. As legal counsel for the Carnegie Steel Company, he helped organize the United States Steel Corp. (1900–01). Appointed attorney general by Pres. Sherman Antitrust Act . He served in the U.S. Senate from 1904 to 1909. As secretary of state (1909–13) under Pres. William H. Taft , he helped develop the foreign policy of expanded U.S. investment later criticized as {{link=Dollar Diplomacy">Dollar Diplomacy . During his second term in the Senate (1917–21), he opposed the formation of the League of Nations .