born Feb. 26, 1869, St. Petersburg, Russia
died Feb. 27, 1939, Moscow, Russia, U.S.S.R.
Russian revolutionary, wife of
A Marxist activist from the 1890s, she met Lenin с 1894. Sentenced to three years in exile in 1898, she obtained permission to spend her term with Lenin in Siberia, where they were married. After 1901 she lived with Lenin in several European cities and helped found the {{link=Bolshevik">Bolshevik party faction. She returned to Russia in 1917 to spread Bolshevik propaganda after the revolution began, and later she served in several posts in the educational bureaucracy. After Lenin's death (1924), she remained aloof from intraparty struggles.