born July 18, 1901, Holsterhausen, near Gelsenkirchen, Ger.
died Dec. 13, 1966, Washington, D.C., U.S.
Polish statesman.
He cofounded the Peasant Party and served as its leader (1931–39). After the German invasion of Poland (1939), he fled to London, where he served in the Polish government-in-exile as prime minister (1943–44). He returned in 1945 and became second deputy premier in the communist-dominated provisional government. He tried to effect a democratic government, but persecution of the noncommunist Peasant Party forced him to flee in 1947 to Britain and then the U.S.