born Oct. 4, 1903, Birmingham, Warwickshire, Eng.
died Aug. 25, 1992, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.
British-born U.S. metallurgist.
He worked as a researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the American Brass Co. before joining the Manhattan Project , where he determined the properties and technology of plutonium and uranium , the essential materials of the atomic bomb . He later taught at the University of Chicago (1946–61) and MIT (1961–69). He published many books on the history of metallurgy, including A History of Metallography (1960).