born June 15, 1915, Ann Arbor, Mich., U.S.
U.S. physician and virologist.
He studied at Harvard Medical School. For culturing poliomyelitis virus, which led to the development of polio vaccines, he shared a 1954 Nobel Prize with John Enders (1879–1985) and Frederick Robbins (b. 1916). He was the first (with Franklin Neva) to culture rubella virus and to isolate chickenpox virus from human cell cultures. He served as director of Harvard University's Center for the Prevention of Infectious Diseases (1966–81).