ABD AL-HAFID

born 1875 or 1880, Fs, Mor. died April 4, 1937, Enghien-les-Bains, Fr. Arabic 'abd Al-hafid sultan of Morocco (1908-12), the brother of Sultan Abd al-Aziz, against whom he revolted beginning in 1907. Appointed caliph of Marrakech by Abd al-Aziz, Abd al-Hafid had no difficulty there in rousing the Muslim community against his brother's Western ways. With Marrakech his, Abd al-Hafid routed his brother's forces and pensioned off the sultan. Recognized as sultan by the Western powers (1909), Abd al-Hafid invoked French aid against another pretender in 1912 and then was forced to recognize a French protectorate over Morocco.