ABDULLA, MUHAMMED SAID

born April 25, 1918, Zanzibar, Tanz. Tanzanian novelist generally regarded as the father of Swahili popular literature. Abdulla, after completing his formal education, began his career as an inspector in the Colonial Health Department. After 10 years there, however, he decided to become a journalist. In 1948 he was made editor of the newspaper Zanzibari, and during the next decade he also served as assistant editor of Al Falaq, Al Mahda, and Afrika Kwetu. In 1958 he became editor of Mkulima , the national agricultural magazine, where he served until his retirement in 1968. Coinciding with his shift to Mkulima was Abdulla's first success as a writer of fiction. His "Mzimu wa Watu wa Kale" ("Shrine of the Ancestors") won first prize in the Swahili Story-Writing Competition of 1957-58, conducted by the East African Literature Bureau, and was published as a novel in 1966. In this work, Abdulla introduced his detective hero, Bwana Msa-loosely based on Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes-and other characters who recur in most of his subsequent novels, which include Kisima cha Giningi (1968; "The Well of Giningi"), also a prizewinner; Duniani Kuna Watu (1973; "In the World There Are People"); Siri ya Sifuri (1974; "The Secret of the Zero"); Mke Mmoja Waume Watatu (1975; "One Wife, Three Husbands"); and Mwana wa Yungi Hulewa (1976; "The Devil's Child Grows Up"). With each new title, Abdulla's work developed in complexity and sophistication of plot; his use of the Swahili language is admired throughout East Africa, and his works-reprinted several times-are widely used as school texts. The novels characteristically pit the hero's powers of reason against a web of ignorance and superstition that serves to conceal the true nature of the narrative conflict.